Unit 2 Keywords

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Across
  1. 7. The national mood of the United States from 1815 to 1825, as first described by the Boston Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817. The period of time is commonly associated with President James Monroe's two presidential terms (1817-25), but it actually began in 1815, when, for the first time since the Napoleonic Wars ended, American citizens could afford to pay less attention to European political and military concerns.
  2. 9. New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787), a key author of the Federalist papers, and first secretary of the United States Treasury (1789-95), who was the leading advocate of a strong central government for the new United States.
  3. 12. Four punitive measures enacted by the British Parliament in retaliation for acts of colonial defiance.
  4. 13. A diplomatic incident that, when made public in 1798, nearly led to war between the United States and France.
  5. 14. The decisive engagement of the American Revolution that took place in the colono. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nation—the United States of America.
  6. 15. An uprising that provided the young United States government with its first opportunity to establish federal control through military measures within state borders, as officials traveled into western Pennsylvania to crush a settlers' revolt over the liquor tax.
  7. 19. American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians threw 342 boxes of tea belonging to the British East India Company from ships into Boston Harbor.
  8. 20. The Second Continental Congress's final attempt to convince King George III of England to respond to the concerns of the American colonists and settle their issues peacefully.
  9. 22. English-American writer and political pamphleteer whose work Common Sense and Crisis papers had a significant impact on the American Revolution.
  10. 24. In preparation for a war with France, the United States Congress approved four internal security laws restricting aliens and limiting the excesses of an unfettered press.
  11. 25. The set of doctrines and practices that serve as the basic organizing principle of a political state.
  12. 26. An event that occurred during a conflict after which the eventual outcome was inevitable.
  13. 27. Groups appointed by the legislatures in the 13 British American colonies to provide colonial leadership and aid intercolonial cooperation.
  14. 28. A loose political coalition of popular politicians, such as Patrick Henry, who unsuccessfully opposed the strong central government envisioned in the U.S. Constitution of 1787 and whose agitations led to the addition of a Bill of Rights.
  15. 30. Organization formed in the American colonies in the summer of 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act.
  16. 31. The British government's policy toward its North American colonies from the early to mid-18th century, wherein trade regulations for the colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was permissive as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to Britain's economic profitability.
  17. 32. First U.S. constitution (1781–89), which served as a bridge between the initial government by the Continental Congress of the Revolutionary period and the federal government provided under the U.S. Constitution of 1787.
  18. 33. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, which were ratified as a single unit on December 15, 1791, and comprise a collection of mutually reinforcing guarantees of individual rights and limitations on federal and state governments.
  19. 34. The opening shot of the battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, which began the American Revolutionary War.
  20. 35. Two or more acts conducted by the British Parliament requiring local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food.
Down
  1. 1. (August 1786–February 1787) It was an uprising in western Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and stringent economic conditions.
  2. 2. It was the army of the Thirteen Colonies and the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.
  3. 3. A conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights (1812-1814).
  4. 4. The first internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British Parliament. The act imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies.
  5. 5. British legislation aimed at putting an end to the smuggling of sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies.
  6. 6. The United States purchased the western half of the Mississippi River basin from France in 1803; for less than three cents per acre for 828,000 square miles (2,144,520 square kilometers), it was the greatest land purchase in American history.
  7. 8. The final effort of the Second Continental Congress to persuade King George III of England to respond to the concerns of the American Colonists and to settle their differences amicably.
  8. 10. Declaration by the British Parliament that accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act. It stated that the British Parliament’s taxing authority was the same in America as in Great Britain.
  9. 11. On February 24, 1803, the United States Supreme Court for the first time proclaimed an act of Congress unconstitutional, thereby establishing the notion of judicial review.
  10. 16. A early U.S. national political party that advocated a strong central government and held power from 1789 to 1801, during the rise of the country’s political party system.
  11. 17. Series of four acts passed by the British Parliament (1767) in an attempt to assert what it considered to be its historic right to exert authority over the colonies.
  12. 18. The body of delegates who spoke and acted collectively for the people of the colony-states that later became the United States of America.
  13. 21. An agreement in Belgium between Great Britain and the United States to end the War of 1812 on the general basis of the status quo antebellum (maintaining the prewar conditions).
  14. 23. A skirmish between British forces and a crowd that took place in Boston, Massachusetts. It was widely publicized, and it contributed to the British regime's unpopularity in much of colonial North America in the years leading up to the American Revolution.
  15. 29. Collection of treaties concluding the American Revolution and signed by representatives of Great Britain on one side and the United States, France, and Spain on the other.