Unit 2 Vocab

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Across
  1. 5. A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar
  2. 8. A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis
  3. 11. A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar
  4. 14. The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons
  5. 19. The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilo-calorie
  6. 20. A test that measures the level of hemoglobin A1c in the blood as a means of determining the average blood sugar concentrations for the preceding two to three months
  7. 21. A substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health
  8. 23. Happens when the body gets desperate for a source of fuel, the body wants glucose but without insulin the glucose stays in the blood and isn't available to cells, uses ketones which make you sick
  9. 24. A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation
  10. 25. Make insulin and are found in the pancreas
  11. 27. The electrons of one atom are attracted to the proteins of another
  12. 29. In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a greater solute concentration
  13. 30. A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
  14. 31. A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
  15. 32. A test of the body’s ability to metabolize glucose that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter and that is used especially to detect diabetes
  16. 33. A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule
  17. 37. One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water
  18. 38. A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of free acid or alkali or some other substance
  19. 41. A form of diabetes that develops in adults and is when the insulin receptors are broken
  20. 45. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
  21. 47. Having the same solute concentration as another solution
  22. 49. An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound
  23. 50. An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
  24. 51. The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions
  25. 52. A large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together
Down
  1. 1. A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids
  2. 2. Blood sugar level is higher than normal but not yet high enough to be Type 2 Diabetes
  3. 3. The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions
  4. 4. Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
  5. 6. A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin
  6. 7. A glucose transport protein found in fat and striated muscle cells
  7. 9. A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
  8. 10. Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities
  9. 12. Storage molecule
  10. 13. Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
  11. 15. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
  12. 16. A product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a specific, often simulator, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone
  13. 17. A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis
  14. 18. Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output
  15. 22. A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood
  16. 26. Located in the pancreas and release a hormone called, glucagon
  17. 28. The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms
  18. 34. Abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood
  19. 35. A substance that is dissolved in a solution
  20. 36. A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide
  21. 39. A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
  22. 40. An excess of sugar in the blood
  23. 42. A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis
  24. 43. A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water
  25. 44. A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
  26. 46. In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration
  27. 48. The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known