Unit 2 Vocabulary

2. Railroad: Secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom.
3. War: Conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846–1848 over territorial disputes.
8. Movement aimed at ending slavery in the United States.
9. of 1850: Agreement that admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
14. of Gettysburg: Turning point Civil War battle fought in Pennsylvania in 1863.
15. Tom’s Cabin: Anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that stirred public opinion.
16. Compromise: 1820 agreement that maintained the balance between free and slave states.
17. Cession: Land given to the U.S. by Mexico after the war, including California and much of the Southwest.
19. Act: 1854 law allowing territories to decide on slavery using popular sovereignty.
20. Scott v Sanford: 1857 Supreme Court case ruling that slaves were property, not citizens.

1. of Tears: Forced removal of the Cherokee and other tribes from their lands, causing thousands of deaths.
4. Gold Rush: 1849 event that led thousands to migrate West in search of wealth.
5. Doctrine: 1823 policy warning European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
6. Massachusetts: First major African American regiment in the Civil War, known for bravery at Fort Wagner.
7. Proclamation: Lincoln’s 1863 declaration freeing slaves in Confederate states.
10. Sovereignty: Idea that people in a territory should vote on whether to allow slavery.
11. March To The Sea: Union campaign that destroyed Southern infrastructure to end the war.
12. Falls Convention: 1848 women's rights meeting that issued the Declaration of Sentiments.
13. Slave Act: 1850 law requiring the return of escaped slaves, even from free states.
18. Address: Short speech by Lincoln emphasizing liberty, equality, and national unity.