Unit 3

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Across
  1. 3. a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
  2. 5. a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
  3. 6. division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
  4. 9. a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves
  5. 11. the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system.
  6. 12. the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
  7. 14. the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
  8. 16. the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
  9. 17. doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
  10. 21. the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
  11. 22. the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles on natural selection
  12. 24. portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements
  13. 27. a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
  14. 29. the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
  15. 30. impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
  16. 34. the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
  17. 35. areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
  18. 36. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
  19. 37. the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
  20. 38. a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
  21. 39. the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the _____ regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
Down
  1. 1. the formation of new neurons
  2. 2. the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
  3. 4. a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
  4. 7. portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
  5. 8. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impules as the impulse hops from one node to the next
  6. 10. cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
  7. 12. twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically indentical organisms
  8. 13. a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
  9. 15. the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
  10. 18. portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives the sensory input for touch and body position
  11. 19. an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
  12. 20. the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
  13. 23. a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. Shows brain function.
  14. 25. twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.
  15. 26. portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
  16. 28. a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body
  17. 31. two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
  18. 32. the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
  19. 33. tissue destruction; a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue