Unit 3

Across

3. an order of social classes with producers at the bottom and leaders or kings at the top
6. a large river surrounded by fertil land in modern India/Pakistan
7. a metal alloy (metal mixture) consisting of mostly copper, but also with tin or lead. It is harder and stronger than plain copper
9. when people began living permantly in one place instead of moving around to find food
10. a way of life where a group of people survives from the secondary products of herds. People follow patterns of grazing to keep their herds alive.
12. a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets
13. a rule of conduct or action that is binding and enforced by a controlling authority
16. the use and knowledge of tools, crafts, or technical systems to solve problems and/or complete different tasks
20. facts or information that can be used to test whether a belief or proposition is true or valid
22. the process of spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures
24. cloth made from weaving or knitting
27. an organizing structure where the main unit has the power, right, and ability to control smaller units
28. people who depend on domestic livestock, migrate in an established territory to find pasture for their animals
31. taking control of a people or place through military force
32. River The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa in the Mediterranean Sea
33. areas of the world that lots of movement and interaction among the people who lived there, but that were not connected to other world zones
35. a type of society
36. a period after the Stone Age
37. action or process that makes something stronger or more extreme; the process of change and growth in Era 2
38. a series of rulers from the same family
39. a wheeled carriage powered by horses that was essential for trade and warfare throughout Afroeurasia beginning in about 3000 BC/BCE

Down

1. a group of people with high rank and privilege, generally gained through birth or connection to a ruler
2. increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
4. a gift or payment to one who has power over another to show respect and obedience
5. Jared Diamond's theory that some regions developed more rapidly and expanded and conquered much of the world becausee the natural resourcces available to them, climate, and geography gave them an early advantage into agriculture before people in other places
8. writing system that uses symbols or pictures to denote objects, concepts, or sounds, originally and especially in the writing system of Ancient Egypt
11. a person who was able to read and write, allowing for the creation of written records and messages
14. in a civilization when people adopt different jobs like artisan or priest that don't involve growing or gathering food
15. a vast grassland
17. the belt of dry and semi-arid land that extends across Afroeurasia from the Sahara Desert in the west to Manchuria in northern China
18. the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans
19. large groups of domesticated animals like sheep or goats
21. a type of civilization that developed near or around a major river and considered the earliest known large human civilzations
23. having no fixed home and move from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land
25. a person who worked as a farmer, builder, or general worker during Era 2.
26. a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen
29. the civilization that developed around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 3500 BC/BCE.
30. the art and science of producing metal goods, all the way from mining and extracting metal from mineral ores to the shaping of metal objects
34. a representation of an event from the past that is put together using evidence from multiple sources