Unit 3 Biology

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Across
  1. 2. a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
  2. 6. pairs of homologous chromosomes do no separate normally during meiosis
  3. 8. threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information
  4. 9. genetics with complete dominance and only two possible phenotypes
  5. 10. An organism with one dominant allele will exhibit the dominant form of the trait
  6. 13. one base is changed to a different base
  7. 17. mutations that affect whole chromosomes and whole genes rather than just individual nucleotides (2 words)
  8. 19. sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
  9. 20. copy of a single gene; much shorter than DNA, only a single strand, and contains uracil instead of thiamine
  10. 21. repeats a segment
  11. 22. bases that have a double ring structure (g and a)
  12. 26. (2 words) changes in just one base pair of a gene
  13. 29. removes a chromosomal segment
  14. 32. An organism must have two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the recessive form of the trait
  15. 33. process of taking mRNA strands and using it to make a protein
  16. 34. (2 words) still code for an amino acid, but not the correct amino acid
  17. 35. change in the genetic material of a cell
  18. 36. moves a segment from one chromosome to another
  19. 37. bases that have a single ring structure (c, t, and u)
  20. 38. breaks hydrogen bonds between template strand (2 words)
Down
  1. 1. compares the frequencies of the two phenotypes (2 words)
  2. 3. crossing of two traits
  3. 4. compares the frequencies of the three genotypes (2 words)
  4. 5. (2 words) mutation that shirft the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
  5. 7. reverses the orientation of a segment within a chromosome
  6. 11. The joining of male and female gametes to produce a new cell
  7. 12. taking a single gene of DNA and copying it into a structure called mRNA
  8. 14. A specific characteristic of an individual
  9. 15. puts down RNA rpimers to help DNA polymerase bind to the template DNA strand
  10. 16. also called a triplet, code for a specific amino acid on both mRNA and DNA strands
  11. 18. results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred
  12. 23. process of making proteins
  13. 24. crossing of one trait
  14. 25. genetics that are more complex and not only based on the rules of complete dominance
  15. 27. change n amino acid codon into a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein
  16. 28. relaxes supercoiled DNA near origin of replication
  17. 30. Different forms of a gene
  18. 31. gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed