Unit 3: Foundation of American Democracy Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.
  2. 3. The fundamental document establishing the United States as a nation, adopted on July 4, 1776. It declared the thirteen colonies represented in the Continental Congress independent from Britain, offered reasons for the separation, and laid out the principles for which the Revolutionary War was fought.
  3. 5. the first constitution of the 13 American states, adopted in 1781 and replaced in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States.
  4. 8. 1689–1755, French political philosopher. His chief works are the satirical Lettres persanes (1721) and L'Esprit des lois (1748), a comparative analysis of various forms of government, which had a profound influence on political thought in Europe and the US
  5. 12. accordance with the constitution of a country, state, etc.
  6. 15. any right that exists by virtue of natural law.
  7. 16. policy of the British government from the early to mid-18th century regarding its North American colonies under which trade regulations for the colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to the economic profitability of Britain.
  8. 17. of or relating to a system of governance by chosen representatives, usually elected from among a large group, as in representative democracy; representative government.
  9. 20. a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.
  10. 22. to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction:
  11. 24. 1632–1704, English philosopher, who discussed the concept of empiricism in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). He influenced political thought, esp in France and America, with his Two Treatises on Government (1690), in which he sanctioned the right to revolt
  12. 25. compromise agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention (1787) that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
  13. 26. prohibits the government from "establishing" a religion. The precise definition of "establishment" is unclear. Historically, it meant prohibiting state-sponsored churches, such as the Church of England.
  14. 27. representative assembly in colonial Virginia, which was an outgrowth of the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession, the General Assembly of Virginia.
  15. 28. an act signed into law in 1689 by William III and Mary II, who became co-rulers in England after the overthrow of King James II. The bill outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy.
Down
  1. 1. limits imposed on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that fall within its purview.
  2. 4. A compromise made between two main proposals regarding the handling the votes of an election The compromise was that voters would vote for the slate of electors who have vowed to cast their ballots for that ticket in the Electoral College.
  3. 6. the power of a court to adjudicate the constitutionality of the laws of a government or the acts of a government official.
  4. 7. the power of the state to take private property for public use with payment of compensation to the owner.
  5. 9. Individuals who questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change, creating numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars, and revolutions.
  6. 10. agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between delegates of the states with large and small populations that defined the structure of Congress and the number of representatives each state would have in Congress according to the United States Constitution.
  7. 11. A list of rights and privileges that King John of England signed under pressure from English noblemen in 1215. It established the principles that the king could not levy taxes without consent of his legislature, or parliament, and that no free man in England could be deprived of liberty or property except through a trial or other legal process.
  8. 13. an agreement to establish a government, entered into by the Pilgrims in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 11, 1620.
  9. 14. reserves the right of American citizens to accept any religious belief and engage in religious rituals.
  10. 18. 1723–90, Scottish economist and philosopher, whose influential book The Wealth of Nations (1776) advocated free trade and private enterprise and opposed state interference
  11. 19. a doctrine, held chiefly by the opponents of the abolitionists, that the people living in a territory should be free of federal interference in determining domestic policy, especially with respect to slavery; the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.
  12. 21. the voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members.
  13. 23. the subjecting of a person to a second trial or punishment for the same offense for which the person has already been tried or punished.