Unit 3 Geology Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. Small waves of sand that develop on the surface of a sediment layer by the action of moving water or air.
  2. 4. A sedimentary rock formed of material deposited from solution by evaporation of the water.
  3. 5. A nearly flat surface that separates two beds of sedimentary rock. Each one marks the end of one deposit and the beginning of another having different characteristics.
  4. 8. Parallel layers of sedimentary rock. Also called beds
  5. 10. Any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape.
  6. 12. A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water. It plays an important role in chemical weathering.
  7. 14. The processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and/or addition of elements.
  8. 16. The process, generally involving cementation and/or compaction, of converting sediments to solid rock.
  9. 18. Organic matter in soil that is produced by the decomposition of plants and animals.
  10. 21. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or ion. So named because elements commonly combine with oxygen.
  11. 26. A principle by which fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order, and any time period can be recognized by its fossil content.
  12. 28. A mechanical weathering process that is characterized by the splitting off of slablike sheets of rock.
  13. 31. Rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified.
  14. 32. A combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air; the portion of the regolith that supports plant growth.
  15. 33. A sedimentary rock texture consisting of broken fragments of preexisting rock.
  16. 34. The overlapping ranges of a group of fossils (assemblage) collected from a layer. By examining such an assemblage, the age of the sedimentary layer can be established.
  17. 36. Term for the texture of sedimentary rocks in which the minerals form a pattern of interlocking crystals. Also called crystalline texture
  18. 37. Sedimentary rock composed of organic carbon from the remains of plants that died and accumulated on the floor of a swamp. Coal is the primary example.
  19. 38. The degree of similarity in particle size in sediment or sedimentary rock.
Down
  1. 1. A large, dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, that is formed by sheeting.
  2. 3. The physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments.
  3. 6. A chemical sedimentary rock composed chiefly of calcite. Limestone can form by inorganic means or from biochemical processes. Reacts and Dissolves when exposed to acid.
  4. 7. A type of lithification in which the weight of overlying material compresses more deeply buried sediment. It is most important in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale.
  5. 9. The layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywhere covers Earth’s land surface.
  6. 11. A fracture in rock along which there has been no movement.
  7. 13. The material on which a soil develops.
  8. 15. The washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward-percolating water.
  9. 17. General term for any hydrocarbon that may be used as a fuel, including coal, oil, natural gas, bitumen from tar sands, and shale oil.
  10. 19. A fossil that is associated with a particular span of geologic time.
  11. 20. A layer in a soil profile
  12. 22. One way in which sedimentary rocks are lithified. As material precipitates from water that percolates through the sediment, open spaces are filled and particles are joined into a solid mass.
  13. 23. The remains or traces of organisms preserved from the geologic past.
  14. 24. A sediment layer characterized by a decrease in sediment size from bottom to top.
  15. 25. A feature in some sedimentary rocks that forms when wet mud dries out, shrinks, and cracks.
  16. 27. A structure in which relatively thin layers are inclined at an angle to the main bedding. Cross-bedding is formed by currents of wind or water.
  17. 29. type of sedimentary Rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified.
  18. 30. The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices.
  19. 35. The depletion of soluble materials from the upper soil by downward-percolating water.