Unit 3 Project

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Across
  1. 1. The entry, establishment, and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host.
  2. 3. the body's natural, non-specific defense system that is present from birth
  3. 6. A sudden and simultaneous outbreak or increase in the number of cases of disease in a community.
  4. 10. Route of entry for an infectious agent; typically a cutaneous or membranous route.
  5. 11. The ability of the body to recognize and react with multiple foreign substances.
  6. 16. When red blood cells burst and release hemoglobin pigment.
  7. 17. Decreased permeability of the walls of blood vessels in the brain, restricting access to that compartment.
  8. 19. A natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage. It stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of an infectious agent.
  9. 20. Molecules on the surface of host defense cells that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes.
  10. 22. The capacity of microbes to cause disease.
  11. 24. Molecules recognized by the immune system as containing foreign markers, indicating a need for immune response.
  12. 26. An infection that produces no noticeable symptoms even though the microbe is active in the host tissue.
  13. 27. Any trait or factor of a cell, virus, or molecule that makes it distinct and recognizable
  14. 29. The tough tri-layer membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
  15. 31. Immunity that is induced as a medical intervention, either by exposing an individual to an antigen or administering immune substances to them.
  16. 35. The chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong.
  17. 38. The complete complement of microorganisms that live in or on humans.
  18. 41. Any deviation from health, as when the effects of microbial infection damage or disrupt tissues and organs.
  19. 42. Natural markers of the body that are recognized by the immune system.
  20. 43. A microbe capable of causing infection and disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses.
  21. 44. An inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that surround and protect the brain
  22. 46. Communicable; transmissible by direct contact with infected people and their fresh secretions or excretions.
  23. 47. The state of being inactive
  24. 48. A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for development of immune cells and immune reactions
  25. 49. A microbe’s structures or capabilities that allow it to establish itself in a host and cause damage.
Down
  1. 2. An infectious disease that does not arrive through transmission of an infectious agent from host to host.
  2. 4. Any substance that induces a state of sensitivity or resistance after processing by the immune system of the body.
  3. 5. Any immunity that arises naturally in an organism via previous experience with the antigen.
  4. 7. A person who harbors infections and inconspicuously spreads them to others
  5. 8. Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.
  6. 9. The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.
  7. 12. Cells that make up the tissues of the brain and spinal cord that receive and transmit signals to and from the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
  8. 13. Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin
  9. 14. Involving multiple distinct microorganisms.
  10. 15. Route through which a pathogen departs from the host organism.
  11. 18. acquired only after an immunizing event such as an infection
  12. 21. A period of inapparent manifestations that occurs before symptoms and signs of disease appear.
  13. 22. A class of white blood cells capable of engulfing other cells and particles.
  14. 23. A collection of monocytes and macrophages scattered throughout the extracellular spaces that function to engulf and degrade foreign molecules.
  15. 25. A disease afflicting an increased proportion of the population over a wide geographic area (often worldwide).
  16. 28. A toxin (usually protein) that is secreted and acts upon a specific cellular target
  17. 30. Specific resistance that is acquired indirectly by donation of preformed immune substances (antibodies) produced in the body of another individual.
  18. 32. Molecules on the surfaces of many types of microbes that are not present on host cells that mark the microbes as foreign.
  19. 33. A specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms.
  20. 34. In infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells.
  21. 36. The state of damage or toxicity in the body caused by an infectious agent.
  22. 37. The act of taking up long-term residence; as in microbes establishing a steady relationship with a host.
  23. 39. In infection, ordinarily nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic microbes that cause disease primarily in an immunologically compromised host.
  24. 40. The process by which microbes gain a more stable foothold at the portal of entry; often involves a specific interaction between the molecules on the microbial surface and the receptors on the host cell.
  25. 45. injection of whole microbes (killed or attenuated), toxoids, or parts of microbes as a prevention or cure for disease.