Unit 4

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Across
  1. 4. A West African storyteller, historian, and musician who preserves and shares community history and genealogies orally.
  2. 5. A rise in overall prices; historically, sudden influxes of gold or wealth (e.g., during Mansa Musa’s hajj) could cause local inflation.
  3. 7. Muslim place of worship.
  4. 8. A major West African river that supported farming, transportation, and the growth of cities and empires.
  5. 9. Grassy region with scattered trees.
  6. 12. The practice of passing history, laws, and stories by spoken word from one generation to the next.
  7. 16. Musa — A 14th‑century emperor of Mali renowned for his great wealth and for a famous pilgrimage (hajj) that displayed Mali’s riches.
  8. 17. A kinship system where descent and inheritance are traced through the mother’s line.
  9. 18. World’s largest hot desert.
  10. 20. Famous city for trade, culture, and education.
  11. 22. kingdom — The large West African empire that succeed,ed Mali in controlling trade routes and important cities.
Down
  1. 1. West African storyteller or historian.
  2. 2. kinship system where descent and inheritance are traced through the father’s line.
  3. 3. A historic West African city known for trade, scholarship, a university, and important libraries.
  4. 6. Payment made to show loyalty or protection.
  5. 7. Seasonal winds that bring heavy rain.
  6. 9. the semi‑arid transition zone south of the Sahara that affected settlement, agriculture, and trade routes.
  7. 10. The four resources used to make goods and services: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
  8. 11. A society where women hold major leadership roles.
  9. 13. Kingdom — An early West African empire that grew wealthy through controlling and taxing trade (especially gold and salt).
  10. 14. Large group of African peoples who migrated across the continent.
  11. 15. Ancient West African city known for learning and trade.
  12. 17. Kingdom — A later West African empire famed for wealth, trade networks, and cultural centers like Timbuktu.
  13. 19. The belief that natural objects, places, and creatures have spiritual beings or forces.
  14. 21. Title meaning “king” or “emperor” in Mali.
  15. 22. A valuable natural resource in West Africa traded widely for gold and other goods; essential for food preservatiSilent barterrter of trading where groups exchange goods without direct contact or a shared language, leaving items for pickup to avoid conflict.