unit 4

2. used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
5. to do work
6. respiration--process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
8. Acid Fermentation--process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces lactic acid
10. molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy
14. reactions--set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
16. of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories
18. that requires oxygen
19. cycle--second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

1. portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
3. set of reactions in cellular respiration during which one molecule of glucose (a 6 carbon compound) is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3 carbon compound)
4. that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
7. photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
9. fermentation--process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and alcohol
11. (adenosine triphosphate)--compound used by cells to store and release energy
12. found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
13. that does not require oxygen
15. portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
17. that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer