Unit 4

3. organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
4. organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
7. light absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the suns energy
9. process that requires oxygen
10. second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy- extracting reactions
11. fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
13. cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
15. process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
17. process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
19. compound used by cells to store and release energy
20. saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
21. reactions set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle

1. first set of reactions in cellular respiration during which one molecule of glucose
2. process that does not require oxygen
5. set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
6. organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
8. process by which cells release energy in the absense of oxygen; produces lactic acid
12. process by which cells release energy in the absense of oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and alcohol
14. ability to do work
16. series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high energy electrons during ATP generating reactions
18. measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories