Unit 4 Crossword Puzzle

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Across
  1. 1. A Calvinist belief that God has already determined the fate and salvation of every person.
  2. 5. A deadly disease brought to Europe from the Mongols in Asia during the Middle Ages. It killed about one-third of the population and contributed to the decline of Feudalism.
  3. 6. Author of The Prince, a political guidebook, and an advisor who helped the Medici family maintain power in Florence.
  4. 7. Queen of England who restored Protestantism but tried to balance both Protestant and Catholic traditions to keep peace.
  5. 8. A political system built around an oath of loyalty between a vassal and a lord, with the most powerful individuals being landowners.
  6. 9. King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor who established a unified empire in Medieval Europe.
  7. 13. “Rebirth”; a period following the Middle Ages that focused on the revival of classical learning from Greece and Rome, along with new ideas in art, science, and culture.
  8. 15. A religious group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England by removing remaining Catholic practices.
  9. 16. A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther.
  10. 18. Dynasty A Frankish dynasty founded by Charlemagne’s father that ruled from 751 to 987. Important rulers included Charles Martel, Pepin, and Charlemagne.
Down
  1. 2. Payments made to the Catholic Church to receive forgiveness for sins. The selling of indulgences was a major cause of the Reformation.
  2. 3. Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist, and architect known for masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
  3. 4. A mechanical device that used movable type to transfer ink onto paper. First appeared in Europe around 1450 and greatly increased the spread of knowledge.
  4. 10. German monk who wrote the 95 Theses in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation by criticizing Church practices.
  5. 11. Inventor of the printing press, whose technology revolutionized communication and literacy.
  6. 12. Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola as a teaching and missionary order dedicated to strengthening Catholicism and resisting Protestant spread.
  7. 14. A major center of Renaissance culture in the 1400s and a hub of trade, art, and commerce.
  8. 17. A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and emphasized human potential, individual achievement, and secular learning.