Unit 4 Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. this was a code name for the American led effort to make a functional atomic weapon during WW2
  2. 7. cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor. There were none of these during the early years of the Great Depression.
  3. 8. opposition to political and economic entanglements wth other countries
  4. 10. his response was constrained by his conservative philosophy. He believed the government should have a small role and that assistance should be provided on a local, voluntary basis. He vetoed many bills that would have provided direct relief.
  5. 13. Throughout the ’30s Charles Coughlin was one of the most influential men in the United States. He was a catholic priest who became politically active and he led radio broadcasts that captured millions of listeners. He broadcasts religious services with political overtones and expressed antisemitic views.
  6. 14. Speech
  7. 16. paying a small percentage of a stock’s price as a down payment and borrowing the rest.
  8. 17. their responsibility was to place a ceiling on prices of most goods and limit consumption by rationing
  9. 21. aka Tennessee Valley Authority was established in 1933 as one of President Roosevelt’s Depression-era New Deal programs, providing jobs and electricity to the Tennessee River Valley, an area that spans 7 states in the south.
  10. 22. October 29th- the bottom fell out of the market and the nation’s confidence. Shareholders frantically tried to sell and people who bought with credit were stuck with huge debts as the prices plummeted.
  11. 23. recovery did not begin until around 1933. Currency devaluations and monetary expansion was the leading cause of recovery worldwide.
  12. 24. nicknamed the “Kingfish” was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928-1932. He introduced a series of bills collectively known as the “Long Plan” for the redistribution of wealth.
  13. 25. Security Act: On August 14, 1935, the SocialSecurityAct established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physical handicap.
  14. 30. aka Public Works Administration was established in 1933 as part of the New Deal, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the U.S. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression.
  15. 32. The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) was a federal law of the New Deal that was designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. However, the AAA was declared unconstitutional because it paid farmers to destroy some of their crops and animals. The Supreme Court said that it allowed the federal government to interfere in the running of state issues.
  16. 35. The New Deal programs were known as the 3 R’s; Relief, Reform, and Recovery. Roosevelt believed that these could bring economic stability to the nation. Reform programs focused specifically on methods for ensuring that depressions like the ’30s wouldn’t affect the American public again.
  17. 36. A series of evening radio addresses given by Roosevelt between 1933 and 1934. He was able to quell rumors, counter-conversate dominated newspapers, and explain his policies directly to the American people.
  18. 39. provides an old-age insurance program, unemployment compensation system, and aid to the disabled and families with dependant children. Founded in 1935.
  19. 40. this is a reference to the efforts of the American industry together supporting the allies and it was called to supply allies with a certain amount of goods and weapons
  20. 41. the region that was hit the hardest by extreme drought and windstorms. It includes parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado.
  21. 45. the government spending. During the ’30s John Keynes developed a theory that recessions could be reversed by massive government spending.
  22. 47. a series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations at war
  23. 48. an arrangement in which consumers agreed to buy now and pay later for purchases. This led to a large pile of consumer debt that was hard to pay off.
  24. 49. this was a surprise military attack by the Japanese to an American naval base on Hawaii because they saw it as a preventative action to keep the American fleet from interfering with Japan's planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories.
  25. 50. this was a joint declaration released by the American president and the British prime minister to define the allied goals for the post-war world and included things like for nations and economic and social cooperation among nations
Down
  1. 1. Imperial leaders of japan thought like Hitler and believed in the need for more living space for their growing population. The League of Nations tried to prevent these aggressive acts but in return, Japan just quit the league. Now militarists were firmly in control of Japan’s government.
  2. 2. this was an American agency that supervised war production during WW2 they were granted ​supreme authority to direct materials and industrial production programs
  3. 3. It Came to be known as “Roosevelt's Court Packing Plan” which planned to reorganize the federal judiciary by adding a new justice each time a justice reached age 70 and failed to retire.
  4. 5. An American physician who was best known for his proposal of the Townshend Plan during the Great Depression. The Townshend Plan promised every senior $200 a month regardless of their past earnings.
  5. 6. An economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property
  6. 9. this was a symbol for women in the workforce and women's independence
  7. 11. this was a policy made by the president to tone down the outbreak of war in Europe and it allowed the sale of materials to nations engaged in wars or conflicts as long as they arrange for the transportation using their own ships and pay immediately in cash
  8. 12. this required all men ages 21 through 45 to register for the draft
  9. 15. government exercises complete control over its citizen’s lives
  10. 18. called for by the McNary-Haugen bill. The government would buy surplus crops at guaranteed prices and sell them on the world market.
  11. 19. an agency created in 1935 to prevent unfair labor practices and to mediate disputes between workers and management
  12. 20. President Roosevelt provided relief as part of the Second New Deal. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration and the National Youth Administration helped youths, professionals, and other workers. Other programs helped with employment, business assistance, farms, and rural development, housing, labor relations, and retirement.
  13. 26. the granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace
  14. 27. this was a woman's branch in the army and contributed to the war effort by improving radar, sonar, and developing the atomic bomb
  15. 28. an agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war with each other
  16. 29. Stalin- Soviet political leader who governed the USSR from 1924- his death in 1953; was a leader of the communist party
  17. 31. he was an influential African American and used mass protests as a means of influencing the policies of the federal government. When America was entering WW2 he planned a protest in Washington to protest discrimination in the war industry workforce
  18. 33. established the highest protective tariff in United States history. It was designed to protect American farmers and manufacturers from foreign competition. However, it had the opposite effect and made unemployment worse in industries that could no longer export to Europe.
  19. 34. A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator.
  20. 37. many speculations as to why Great Depression happened. Tariffs and war debts policies, a crisis in the farm sector, the availability of easy credit, and unequal distribution of income were a few.
  21. 38. an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party
  22. 42. aka Security and Exchanges Commission was created in 1934 as one of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs. It helped to fight the devastating economic effects of the Great Depression and prevent any future market calamities.
  23. 43. it was approved by congress and gave the president virtually unlimited authority to direct material aid which includes tanks, ammunition, airplanes, and food to the war effort on Europe without violating the nation's neutrality in the situation
  24. 44. Two days after taking office Roosevelt declared March 6 through March 10 as a “bank holiday.” Banking transactions were suspended across the nation except for making changes.
  25. 46. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- an agency created in 1933 to insure individuals’ bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures.