Unit 4 Vocab Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. - unusually hot area in Earth’s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface
  2. 5. - instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake
  3. 10. - huge pieces of Earth’s crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges
  4. 12. - steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent
  5. 13. - Wegener’s hypothesis that Earth’s continents were joined as a single landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and slowly moved to their present positions
  6. 17. - fracture or system of fractures in Earth’s crust that occur when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great
  7. 21. - a substance’s internal resistance to flow
  8. 22. - place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other
  9. 23. - the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another
  10. 26. - the hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches
  11. 27. - process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate
  12. 30. - seismic wave that squeezes and pushes rocks in the same direction that the wave travels; first seismic waves to arrive
  13. 31. - place where two of Earth’s tectonic plates are moving apart
  14. 32. - process associated with seismic vibrations that occur in areas of sand that is nearly saturated; resulting in the ground behaving like a liquid
Down
  1. 1. - broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers
  2. 2. - long, narrow depression that forms when continental crust begins to separate at a divergent boundary
  3. 4. - ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 million years ago
  4. 6. - point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
  5. 7. - generally cone-shaped with concave slopes; built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers
  6. 8. - seismic wave that causes rock particles to move at right angles to the direction of the wave; second seismic waves to arrive
  7. 9. - a tube-like structure that allows lava to reach the surface
  8. 11. - describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam
  9. 14. - vibrations of the ground during an earthquake
  10. 15. - size of the seismic waves
  11. 16. - point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth’s surface
  12. 18. - swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption
  13. 19. - place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
  14. 20. - bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano
  15. 24. - opening in Earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flow out onto the surface
  16. 25. - long crack in Earth’s crust
  17. 28. - large crater, up to 100 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption
  18. 29. - measure of the energy released during an earthquake