Unit 5

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Across
  1. 3. A water-efficient irrigation method that delivers water directly to the base of plants, minimizing water wastage and promoting more effective nutrient absorption.
  2. 7. A form of surface mining where a strip of overlying soil and rock is removed to access the underlying mineral deposits.
  3. 8. The concept describing a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, deplete shared resources, leading to the detriment of the common good.
  4. 9. Living organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination, often to enhance desirable traits in crops or animals.
  5. 11. Plants that live for multiple years, in contrast to annual crops that complete their life cycle in a single growing season.
  6. 13. A method of creating flat areas on hilly or mountainous terrain to facilitate agriculture, reducing soil erosion and improving water retention.
  7. 14. Large-scale industrial facilities where a large number of animals are raised and confined in a limited space, often associated with environmental and ethical concerns.
  8. 17. An underground reservoir of water beneath the Great Plains in the United States, heavily used for irrigation and facing concerns of over-extraction and depletion.
  9. 18. A type of irrigation where water is directed through furrows, or channels, between rows of crops, providing targeted water delivery.
  10. 19. An approach to pest control that combines biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods to manage pests in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.
  11. 20. A measure of the impact of an individual, community, or population on the environment, expressing the amount of natural resources required to sustain their lifestyle.
Down
  1. 1. The rate at which a renewable resource, such as a fishery or forest, can be exploited without depleting the resource's natural capacity for regeneration.
  2. 2. A method of extracting minerals or other geological materials from the Earth's surface, often involving the removal of large volumes of soil and rock.
  3. 4. An irrigation technique where water is flooded over the soil surface to nourish crops, often leading to water wastage due to runoff.
  4. 5. The cultivation of aquatic organisms, such as fish and shellfish, under controlled conditions for commercial purposes.
  5. 6. A period of significant advancements in agriculture marked by the widespread adoption of high-yielding crop varieties, improved irrigation, and modern farming techniques during the mid-20th century.
  6. 7. Farming An agricultural method involving the cutting and burning of vegetation to clear land for cultivation, a practice that can lead to soil degradation and deforestation.
  7. 10. The accumulation of salts in soil, typically as a result of irrigation practices, which can harm plant growth and soil fertility.
  8. 12. Farming practices that involve planting crops without plowing or tilling the soil, aiming to reduce soil erosion and improve sustainability.
  9. 15. Naturally occurring rocks or minerals from which valuable substances, such as metals, can be extracted economically.
  10. 16. An irrigation method that distributes water through spray nozzles, commonly used in landscaping and agriculture.