Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology (Pt.1)

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Across
  1. 2. a sudden realization of a problem's solution.
  2. 3. the strong form of Whorf's hypothesis, that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us.
  3. 5. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
  4. 7. an inability to retrieve information from one's past.
  5. 8. early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs.
  6. 10. that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
  7. 16. The neural storage of long-term memory.
  8. 18. a clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
  9. 20. the way an issue is posed.
  10. 21. in a langauge, a system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others.
  11. 22. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems effciently.
  12. 24. all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
  13. 26. the forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information.
  14. 27. narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.
  15. 28. beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.
  16. 32. occurs when misleading information has distorted one's memory of an event.
  17. 33. a psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
  18. 35. begining around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
  19. 36. in cognition the inability to see a problem from a new perspective.
  20. 37. a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick easy method for sorting items into categories.
  21. 38. impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area.
  22. 39. a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories of facts and events for storage.
  23. 40. faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined.
  24. 41. the ability to produce new and valuable ideas.
  25. 42. the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
  26. 44. the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
  27. 46. the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information.
  28. 47. an increase in a cell's stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory.
  29. 48. the tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
  30. 49. Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems.
  31. 50. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning.
Down
  1. 1. an inability to form new memories.
  2. 4. the tendency to recall best the last items in a list.
  3. 6. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited.
  4. 9. estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
  5. 11. helps control language expression, an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
  6. 12. a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression.
  7. 13. the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.
  8. 14. the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it.
  9. 15. estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
  10. 17. expanding the number of possible problem solutions.
  11. 19. in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
  12. 23. a tendency to search for information that supports preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
  13. 25. a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered being stored again.
  14. 29. Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems.
  15. 30. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
  16. 31. the idea that language affects thought.
  17. 34. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
  18. 43. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
  19. 45. our spoken, written, or signed words, and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.