Unit 5 - Exam 1

3. Arabic word meaning “struggle,” referring to both inner spiritual effort and defensive struggle.
5. Desert areas where underground water reaches the surface, allowing farming, settlements, and trade stops.
7. City that invited Muhammad to lead them and became center of Muslim community.
8. A powerful tribe that controlled Mecca, trade routes, and Kaaba.
10. Angel who delivered God’s messages to Muhammad over 23 years.
12. Mocking, abuse, economic pressure, torture, and violence faced by early Muslims in Mecca for following Muhammad.
13. Migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.
15. Nomadic desert people who moved with their animals in search of water and grazing land.
16. Desert animals that can survive long periods without water and carry heavy loads for trade.

1. A 624 CE battle where Muslims defeated a larger Meccan army, strengthening Islam.
2. A 10-year peace agreement between Muhammad and Meccans in 628 CE that allowed Muslims to later visit Mecca peacefully.
4. A wealthy trade and religious city that housed Kaaba and was controlled by QurayshTribe.
6. A hot, dry desert region where most people lived in tribes, with many becoming nomads and others settling near oases and trade cities like Mecca and Medina.
9. A sacred shrine in Mecca that once held many idols and later became the center of Islamic worship.
11. Born in Mecca around 570 CE, he became a prophet after receiving revelations from AngelGabriel.
14. Holy book of Islam, believed to be God’s word revealed to Muhammad.