Unit 5 Module 41/42 Study Guide Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. farming Farming that avoids most synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified seeds, and growth hormones, often emphasizing soil health and ecological practices.
  2. 5. zone An area of water with very low oxygen levels, often caused by nutrient pollution, where most aquatic life cannot survive.
  3. 8. The process by which fertile land becomes drier and less productive, often due to drought, overgrazing, deforestation, or poor farming practices.
  4. 12. insecurity Limited or uncertain access to enough safe, nutritious, and affordable food.
  5. 13. market A market where farmers sell food and agricultural products directly to consumers.
  6. 14. Fuel made from organic material, such as corn, sugarcane, soybeans, or algae, often used as an alternative to fossil fuels.
  7. 16. control The management of water through dams, canals, irrigation systems, drainage, or levees to support agriculture, settlement, or development.
  8. 17. The farming of aquatic organisms, such as fish, shellfish, or seaweed, in controlled environments.
  9. 19. reclamation The process of creating usable land from wetlands, deserts, or bodies of water, often for farming or urban development.
  10. 22. pollution The buildup of excess nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, in water due to fertilizer, animal waste, or sewage runoff.
  11. 24. A type of aquaculture that raises marine organisms in saltwater or ocean environments.
  12. 25. Water from rain, snowmelt, or irrigation that flows over the land surface and can carry soil, chemicals, or pollutants into waterways.
  13. 26. specialty crop A crop or farm product that gains higher market value through processing, branding, packaging, or unique qualities.
Down
  1. 1. An underground layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater.
  2. 2. modified organism A plant, animal, or organism whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology to produce desired traits.
  3. 3. farming The growing of crops or raising of animals within cities or urban areas.
  4. 6. The clearing or removal of forests, often for agriculture, grazing, logging, or urban development.
  5. 7. agriculture A system where consumers buy shares of a farm’s harvest in advance and receive regular portions of the farm’s products.
  6. 9. food A movement that supports local, traditional, sustainable, and carefully prepared foods as an alternative to fast food and industrial food systems.
  7. 10. agriculture Farming that uses controlled water delivery, such as canals, sprinklers, or drip systems, to grow crops.
  8. 11. People who prefer to eat food grown or produced locally.
  9. 15. desert An area where residents have limited access to affordable, healthy, fresh food, especially fruits and vegetables.
  10. 18. agriculture Mainstream commercial farming that often uses mechanization, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and high-yield seeds.
  11. 20. trade A trade system that aims to give producers, especially in developing countries, fair prices, better labor conditions, and more stable income.
  12. 21. agriculture Farming methods that aim to produce food while protecting the environment, conserving resources, and supporting long-term productivity.
  13. 23. mining The withdrawal of groundwater from aquifers faster than it can naturally recharge.