Unit 5 Vocabulary: Earth's Systems and Matter

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Across
  1. 2. sphere of Earth made up of the hard rock on and just below Earth’s surface; the outermost layer of both Earth and its geosphere
  2. 4. fresh water found below Earth’s surface
  3. 6. the Earth and all of its organisms and environments
  4. 7. a combination of two or more atoms
  5. 9. a place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another
  6. 11. a substance combining atoms of two or more different elements
  7. 14. the thin layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface on land and in the ocean
  8. 15. an organic compound combining hydrogen and carbon
  9. 16. the removal of soil by water, wind, ice, or gravity
  10. 17. a circular process that describes how an event is both a cause and an effect in the same system; can be a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop
  11. 18. the introduction of phosphorus into a body of water that leads to an overgrowth of algae and other producers
  12. 21. the layer of Earth below the mantle
  13. 23. a change in state from a vapor to a liquid
  14. 24. the principle that states that matter can change form but cannot be created or destroyed
  15. 25. all of the rock at and below Earth’s surface
  16. 26. any material that has mass and occupies space
  17. 27. one of the rigid layers of the lithosphere
  18. 28. a mountain, island, or continent formed by the collisions and separations of tectonic plates
  19. 29. all of the water—salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid, ice, or vapor—above and below Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere
Down
  1. 1. a linear tectonic feature where two lithospheric plates move away from each other, creating new crust as hot magma rises from the mantle
  2. 3. mechanically weak, ductile, and semi-fluid layer of Earth's upper mantle located directly beneath the rigid lithosphere
  3. 5. a spongelike formation of rock, sand, or gravel that holds water
  4. 8. a geological process where one tectonic plate dives beneath another and sinks into the Earth's mantle at a convergent boundary
  5. 10. the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia
  6. 12. the circulation of nutrients through the atmosphere; also called nutrient cycle
  7. 13. the release of water vapor by plants through their leaves
  8. 19. the movement and accumulation of eroded soil
  9. 20. a region where two or more of Earth's tectonic plates move toward and collide with each other.
  10. 22. the layer of very hot but mostly solid rock beneath Earth’s crust