Unit 7: Industry and Development

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Across
  1. 1. Economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials, such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation
  2. 4. industries whose final products weigh more after assembly thatn they did previously in their constituent parts. production facilities close to markets. example: cars
  3. 5. the dispersal of an industry that formely existed in an established agglomeration
  4. 6. any antural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life
  5. 7. countries including Britain, France, the US, Russia, Germany and Japan, that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century. While industry is currently shifting to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor and more relaxed environmental standards, these
  6. 8. cities where US firms have factories just outside the US - Mexican border in areas that have been specially designated by the Mexican government. In such areas, factories cheaply assemble goods for export back into the US
  7. 12. area where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
  8. 13. manufacturing activities in which the cost of trransporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determing the location of the firm
  9. 14. provision of small loans to poorer people, typically women, to encourage the development of small business that are often community-oriented
  10. 16. highly developed economies that focus on research and development, marketing, tourism, sales, and telecommunication
  11. 17. location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets
  12. 20. idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
  13. 22. total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year
  14. 24. total value of goods and services, including income recieved from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year
  15. 26. measure used by the UN that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare. the HDI evaluates human welfare based on three parameters: life expectancy, education, and income
  16. 27. system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
  17. 28. economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
  18. 35. concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration
  19. 36. form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way
  20. 39. activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services, such as retail, transportation, government, personal, and professional services.
  21. 40. process of industrial development in whihc countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods. At the highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information
  22. 41. Goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities
  23. 42. the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country. In economic geography, involves the development of dominant activities in particular regions
  24. 43. a measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country
  25. 44. a group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce
  26. 45. national or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology is concentrated
  27. 46. model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region
  28. 47. A firm that conducts business in at least two separate countries' also known as multinational corporations
Down
  1. 2. example: silicon valley, research triangle, grouping together of many firms form the same industry in a single area for a collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.
  2. 3. The most advanced form of quatenary activities consisting of high-level decision-making for large corporations or high-level scientific research "movers and shakers"
  3. 9. Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service
  4. 10. natural resources, such as fossil fuels, that do not replenish themselves in a timeframe that is relevant for human consumption
  5. 11. Areas that have been specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
  6. 15. measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including production from its investments abroad, minus the loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity
  7. 18. industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials. ex: wood for paper mill
  8. 19. the rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factor system to the textile industry in Englad at the end of the 18th century
  9. 21. sending industrial processes out for external production. maquiladoras are an example
  10. 23. economic activities concerned with research, information, gathering, and administration
  11. 25. those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living, such as Chile, Brazil, India, China, Indonesia. Semiperipheral countries offer their citizens relatively diverse economic opportunities but also have extreme gaps between rich and poor
  12. 29. those countries, including countries in Africa, parts of South America and Asia that usualyl have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita incomes and generally low standards of living
  13. 30. the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same
  14. 31. countries thta usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per-capita incomes, and generally low standards of living. The world economic periphery includes Africa, parts of South America and Asia
  15. 32. an industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories
  16. 33. loss of industrial activity in a region
  17. 34. when peripheral econoimes rely too heavily on the export of raw materials, which places them on unequal terms of exchange with more-developed ocuntries that export higher-value goods
  18. 37. negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region
  19. 38. developed by Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semiperiphery in terms of economic and politicalconnections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present