Unit 8 Review

2. A phase of Reconstruction where Southern states were governed by military authorities to enforce federal laws and protect African American rights.
5. The 1868 amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born in the U.S., including former slaves.
8. The period when Congress took control of Reconstruction, enforcing civil rights and military rule in the South.
9. A system where farmers rented land and paid with cash or crops, usually leading to economic struggle and debt.
11. The 1865 amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.
12. The 1870 amendment granting African American men the right to vote, prohibiting racial discrimination in voting.
14. President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, which allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union once 10% of voters pledged loyalty.
15. A system where Southern states leased prisoners, mostly African Americans, to private companies for forced labor.

1. A law in 1867 dividing the South into military districts and requiring new constitutions to grant rights to freedmen for readmission to the Union.
3. A booming industry in the post-Civil War South that relied on cheap labor, including former slaves, in mills and factories.
4. President Andrew Johnson’s lenient approach to Reconstruction that did not prioritize protecting the rights of freedmen.
6. The process by which citizens register to vote, which became a tool for disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South during Reconstruction.
7. The process by which Southern states had to meet certain conditions, like abolishing slavery, to rejoin the United States after the Civil War.
10. A system where freedmen and poor whites rented land from landowners in exchange for a share of the crops, often trapping them in poverty.
13. Laws in the South aimed at limiting the rights and freedoms of newly freed African Americans after the Civil War.