Unit 8 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 5. is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.
  2. 6. is a uncontrolled fire that burns in wild-land vegetation, often in rural areas.
  3. 7. is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
  4. 9. is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
  5. 10. is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
  6. 12. surface water or precipitation percolate through relatively porous, unconsolidated, or fractured materials, such as sand, moraine deposits, or cracked basalt, that lie over a water bearing, or aquifer, formation.
  7. 13. is an underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock.
  8. 14. is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials.
  9. 17. is a tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or squalls.
  10. 20. is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.
  11. 21. is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
  12. 22. is a measure of how acidic/basic water is.
  13. 23. is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
Down
  1. 1. is any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and creeks.
  2. 2. is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a land-form or landmass.
  3. 3. is an area of land that drains or “sheds” water into a specific water-body.
  4. 4. is a number of all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular geographical area and are capable of interbreeding.
  5. 8. is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
  6. 11. cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species.
  7. 15. is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
  8. 16. is the capacity of a porous material for transmitting a fluid; it is expressed as the velocity with which a fluid of specified viscosity, under the influence of a given pressure, passes through a sample having a certain cross section and thickness.
  9. 18. is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location.
  10. 19. is the breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with water, atmospheric gases, and biological organisms.