Unit 9 Biology

4. spots on the ocean floor where hot gases and minerals escape from earth's interior into the water
5. An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed
7. relating to water
8. plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native
9. First species to populate an area during primary succession
12. Portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.
13. A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
14. A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
15. Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time
18. Destruction of forests
20. A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time
21. A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

1. the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
2. A geographic region categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation, and distinctive plant growth forms on land
3. Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil
6. permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone
10. An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
11. The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
12. Release of harmful materials into the environment
16. A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean.
17. symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
19. species that are native to and found only within a limited area