Unit 9 - Earthquakes & Volcanoes

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Across
  1. 4. scale that rates earthquakes according to the magnitude of the seismic waves
  2. 7. a volcano that has erupted recently and is expected to erupt again soon
  3. 8. the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption changes due to the amount of ____
  4. 11. chain made from basaltic magma from mantle plume hot spots
  5. 14. when potential energy exceeds the strength of rock and friction so rock breaks and slips and potential energy converts to kinetic energy, causing an earthquake (3 words)
  6. 16. a region on Earth's surface that is broken and where movement occurs
  7. 19. point on earth's surface right above the earthquake's focus
  8. 23. Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface (ex: basalt)
  9. 24. scale that rates how an earthquake is experienced by people and the damage caused to buildings
  10. 25. slowest seismic waves that cause the most damage to structures (2 words)
  11. 29. a tall, cone-shaped volcano formed by layers of lava and ash (2 words)
  12. 31. when forming igneous rocks, longer time to cool = __ crystals
  13. 32. volcano made of a pile of solid lava pieces formed during a high-gas, low-lava eruption (2 words)
  14. 33. silica characteristic of lava that makes it thick and sticky (2 words)
  15. 34. molten rock beneath the earth's surface
  16. 35. a volcano that has reached the end of its life and can no longer erupt
Down
  1. 1. minimum number of seismic stations needed to find the epicenter
  2. 2. waves produced by earthquakes (2 words)
  3. 3. a scale that rates the total energy released by earthquakes
  4. 5. igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface (ex: granite)
  5. 6. plate boundary where less explosive volcanic eruptions occur
  6. 9. a location where magma collects inside Earth (2 words)
  7. 10. a volcano that is not active now but may become active later
  8. 12. characteristic of lava that makes it runny (flows easily) (2 words)
  9. 13. fastest seismic waves that can travel through any medium
  10. 15. magma that reaches Earth's surface
  11. 17. the movement of Earth's crust caused by the release of built-up potential energy along a fault
  12. 18. when forming igneous rocks, less time to cool = __ crystals
  13. 20. a flat and wide volcano that has low-silica magma and lava with low or high levels of dissolved gas (2 words)
  14. 21. an instrument that measures and records seismic waves
  15. 22. found at a mid-ocean ridges where hot magma meets cold seawater
  16. 25. slower seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids
  17. 26. an erupting vent through which molten rock and other materials reach Earth's surface, or a mountain built from the products of an eruption
  18. 27. the point below Earth's surface where a rock breaks or slips and causes an earthquake
  19. 28. opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
  20. 30. high-silica extrusive igneous rock with no crystals (aka volcanic glass)
  21. 32. plate boundary where explosive volcanic eruptions occur