Unit 9: The Cold War Review

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Across
  1. 8. The CIA would continue to try and topple this communist dictator in Cuba during the Cold War with over 600 assassination attempts with the last taking place in the year 2000.
  2. 10. Joseph Stalin began this on June 24th, 1948 to drive out the Americans, British, and French from West Berlin.
  3. 13. This term described the idea that if Soviet expansionism could be contained for long enough then the inherent flaws of the Soviet system would cause it to fall apart.
  4. 16. This war began in 1950 as North Korea's Kim Il Sung would order an invasion of South Korea with support from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union.
  5. 18. This organization was created in 1949 that brought together the United States, Canada, and most of Western Europe in a defensive pact against the Soviet Union?
  6. 21. This U.S. government agency often deposed or killed political leaders who threatened American interests or looked like they might fall under Soviet influence during the Cold War.
  7. 22. France refused to surrender their colony of Indochina which led to the rise of this man, the communist leader of the Vietnamese Independent Movement. Mao Zedong provided weapons and advice to him during the conflict.
  8. 24. This top secret U.S. government program brought over roughly 1,600 German scientists and engineers like Wernher von Braun and Kurt Debus and their families to the United States to greatly strengthen the United States.
  9. 27. Communists revolutionaries led by this man took control of Cuba in 1959. He then began to free Cuba of its economic and political reliance on United States by nationalizing banks, oil refineries, as well as coffee and sugar plantations.
  10. 29. The Korean War is often overshadowed by World War II and the Vietnam War in history. As a result, the Korean War is often referred to as this.
  11. 31. Mao Zedong's process of industrialization and collectivization that was rushed and produced disastrous results that included the largest famine in human history (The Great Famine) with an estimated 30 to 50 million people starving to death.
  12. 32. This Egyptian leader successfully kept control of the Suez Canal during the Cold War while having both the United States and the Soviet Union fight for his approval.
  13. 34. The first satellite launched into orbit by the Soviet Union.
  14. 36. In 1961, the CIA used trained Cuban exiles as an invasion force to overthrow Fidel Castro from power. This would turn out to be a disaster and an embarrassment for President John F. Kennedy as the invading force surrendered after just three days.
  15. 37. Joseph Stalin created this in Eastern Europe to provide safety and security against a possible future attack by the West by installing pro Soviet governments across Eastern Europe.
  16. 38. This belief states that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries.
  17. 39. This term was coined by NATO to refer to the communist states in Eastern and Central Europe which included the Soviet Union, countries in the Warsaw Pact, and Albania and Yugoslavia?
  18. 40. During the Cultural Revolution, the peasants and this group were seen as the new heroes of China through the use of indoctrination and propaganda.
  19. 43. This United States economic plan gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. The goal was to stop the spread of communism in Europe.
  20. 44. During this period of the Cold War, colonial powers granted independence to their former colonies throughout Asia.
  21. 46. After this U.S. President withdrew U.S. troops from Vietnam, Communist North Vietnam took control of South Vietnam and won the Vietnam War after 20 years of hard combat and over 3 million dead soldiers and civilians.
  22. 47. The United States and The Soviet Union became this during the Cold War. As a result, a fierce competition developed as each indirectly fought each other for world dominance.
  23. 48. This U.S. President responded to the Soviet's placing nuclear missiles and around 42,000 troops in Cuba by setting up ExComm to deal with the crisis and authorized a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent any further Soviet shipments from reaching the island.
  24. 52. During the Great Leap Forward, this plan of Mao Zedong to mass produce steel was a complete disaster. While it was extremely popular with Chinese citizens, it produced mostly low quality pig iron that was unusable.
  25. 53. This policy of Nikita Khrushchev denounced all of Joseph Stalin crimes from the past, vowed to decentralize power and reduce the use of terror, and led to the tearing down statues of Stalin across the Soviet Union.
  26. 54. The media's representation of the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War was drastically different from what was really happening. This term was used to describe the difference between what was actually going on and what the government told the public.
  27. 57. During the Second Red Scare, hysteria spread across the United States over the perceived threat posed by this.
  28. 58. This political practice of publicizing accusations of disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence in the United States during the 1950's.
  29. 60. Leonid Brezhnev replaced Nikita Khrushchev as the leader of the Soviet Union. His eighteen year rule was characterized by this name as the economy suffered under a complete lack of innovation.
  30. 61. He was a brutal communist dictator of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge under his leadership were responsible for over 2 million deaths during the Cambodian Genocide. In addition, he abolished religion, schools, currency and guns to create a totalitarian state in Cambodia.
  31. 62. Soviet aggression towards Greece and Turkey in 1947 established this United States foreign policy that would provide political, military, and economic assistance to countries that were threatened by a communist takeover.
  32. 63. In the early years of the Cold War, this U.S. president believed that all nuclear weapons and their means of production should be turned over to the United Nations.
  33. 64. Covert operations were carried out during the Cold War on the basis of this which meant that operations could be carried out in a way in which top officials could deny all involvement, allowing government agencies to carry out actions abroad that would be deemed unacceptable at home.
  34. 65. This was Mao Zedong’s plan to install radical communist values while destroying the four olds (old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits).
Down
  1. 1. The United States and its allies established an independent West German State known as this.
  2. 2. Legislation signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958 created this U.S. government agency that would dedicate time, money, and resources to space exploration.
  3. 3. This meeting in 1945, established that both Germany and the capital city Berlin would be divided into four zones of occupation. The United States, Great Britain, France, and The Soviet Union would each control a portion of Germany and Berlin. Each occupying country of Germany would be entitled to reparations from their own zone. By resorting to such a blatant division of Germany, instead of agreeing on one unified approach to post war Germany, the allies had ensured the future division of Europe during the Cold War era.
  4. 4. U.S. President John F. Kennedy made a bold, public claim that the U.S. would land a man on the moon before the end of the decade. This led to the creation of NASA’s lunar landing program known as this.
  5. 5. The Cuban Missile Crisis reached a high point after a Soviet submarine almost launched nuclear torpedoes when U.S. depth charges exploded near it. The decision to launch required all three Soviet commanding officers to approve the order. This commanding officer refused to go through with the launch and single-handedly prevented the outbreak of nuclear war.
  6. 6. This term was used by people to refer to the invisible border that separated the Soviet Union and the communist countries of Eastern Europe from the Western European countries?
  7. 7. This government program was used by Mao Zedong to purge intellectuals and political dissidents from China.
  8. 9. This U.S. government agency was established in 1947 to help stop the spread of communism.
  9. 11. This was the principle of deterrence founded on the notion that a nuclear attack by one superpower would be met with an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the attacker and the defender would be annihilated.
  10. 12. A "hotline" phone was installed between the White House and the Kremlin to provide better communication as a result of this event.
  11. 14. He created the Warsaw Pact to counter the growing power of NATO.
  12. 15. The signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was an example of how tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were easing. This French term was used to describe this period during the Cold War.
  13. 17. Even though the Korean War resulted in no clear winner, no change in the Korean border, and over 2,000,000 dead soldiers and civilians; it did prove that this political ideology could be contained.
  14. 19. This book, which was a collection of Mao Zedong’s thoughts, became a tool of propaganda and indoctrination that led to Mao Zedong becoming a cult of personality in China.
  15. 20. Nikita Khrushchev sent this to Cuba in 1962 to protect Fidel Castro and prevent a U.S. invasion of Cuba, to counter the United States Jupiter missiles that were placed in Italy and Turkey, and to teach the United States a lesson as he stated, "They would learn just what it feels like to have enemy missiles pointing at you".
  16. 23. poor countries not allied with the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
  17. 25. A war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved. The Korean War was a perfect example of this.
  18. 26. With Alexander Dubcek’s reforms, a period of euphoria broke out in Czechoslovakia that came to be known as the Prague Spring. This would result in Leonid Brezhnev announcing this by sending 250,000 Warsaw Pact troops in to put an end to the reforms.
  19. 28. The Soviet Union created this in East Germany.
  20. 30. This military alliance was formed between the Soviet Union and Eastern European states to protect themselves from the aggressive actions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
  21. 33. The CIA and MI6 replaced this Prime Minister of Iran after he nationalized the British owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company with The Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the new leader of Iran.
  22. 35. Nikita Khrushchev created this to manage the internal security of the Soviet Union as well as conduct espionage abroad.
  23. 41. In the early years of the Cold War, this U.S. President had looked for various ways to use nuclear weapons to end various Cold War conflicts.
  24. 42. Gamal Abdel Nassar nationalized the Suez Canal which led to Great Britain, France, and Israel invading Egypt as they feared that they would lose access to the Suez Canal. Under extreme global pressure, Great Britain and France were forced into an embarrassing retreat bringing an end to their roles as major world powers.
  25. 45. Tensions were high between the United States and the Soviet Union over how this post World War II country should be reconstructed.
  26. 49. In the early years of the Cold War, this Asian country was divided at the 38th Parallel while the Soviet Union occupied the North while the United States occupied the South. This country struggled with reunification as both the North and the South had oppressive dictators in Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee.
  27. 50. President Truman ordered this to deliver supplies to West Berlin which eventually forced Joseph Stalin to end the Berlin Blockade after 15 months.
  28. 51. He took power of China in 1949 and established the People's Republic of China. He then quickly formed a defensive pact with Joseph Stalin which sparked fears of communism spreading throughout Asia.
  29. 55. Nikita Khrushchev authorized the construction of this on August 12, 1961 as he was facing a staggering amount of defections of the highly trained and educated people from East Germany. Most of 2.7 million people that fled had escaped through West Berlin.
  30. 56. In 1965, The U.S. Congress issued the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution after misreporting a North Vietnamese torpedo attack on the USS Maddox. President Lyndon B. Johnson used this to directly enter this war.
  31. 59. Nikita Khrushchev's policy of destalinization in the Soviet Union severely strained Soviet relations with this country in Asia.