Unit Waves and Sounds Key Terms

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Across
  1. 3. The point with the largest displacement when two wave pulses meet.
  2. 5. A line that can show the direction a wave is traveling and is drawn at a right angle to a wave’s crest.
  3. 6. The change in the frequency of sound caused by the movement of either the source, the detector, or both the detector and the source.
  4. 8. The stationary point where two equal wave pulses meet and are in the same location, having a displacement of zero.
  5. 11. States that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. (458): States that the angle a reflected ray makes, as measured from the normal to a reflective surface, equals the angle the incident ray makes, as measured from the same normal.
  6. 14. Sound intensity as sensed by the ear and interpreted by the brain; depends mainly on the pressure wave’s amplitude.
  7. 15. Any motion that repeats in a regular cycle.
  8. 17. A logarithmic scale that measures amplitudes; depends on the ratio of the pressure variation of a particular sound wave to the pressure variation in the most faintly heard sound; unit of measurement is the decibel, dB.
  9. 20. The highness or lowness of a sound wave, which depends on the frequency of vibration.
  10. 24. The low point of a wave
  11. 25. For a musical instrument, the lowest frequency of sound that will resonate.
  12. 26. A mechanical wave in which the particles move both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of wave motion.
  13. 28. The shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself, such as from crest to crest or from trough to trough.
  14. 30. The number of complete oscillations that a wave makes each second; is measured in hertz, Hz.
  15. 31. In any periodic motion, the amount of time required for an object to repeat one complete cycle of motion.
  16. 32. A wave that strikes a boundary between two media.
  17. 33. The change in direction of waves at the boundary between two different media.
  18. 38. In any periodic motion, the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium.
  19. 39. A resonating tube with both ends open that also will resonate with a sound source; its resonant frequencies are whole-number multiples of the fundamental.
  20. 40. A pleasant set of pitches.
  21. 41. The unit of measurement for sound level; also can describe the power and intensity of sound waves.
  22. 42. A motion that occurs when the restoring force on an object is directly proportional to the object’s displacement from equilibrium.
Down
  1. 1. States that the force acting on a spring is directly proportional to the amount that the spring is stretched.
  2. 2. A pressure variation transmitted through matter as a longitudinal wave; it reflects and interferes and has frequency, wavelength, speed, and amplitude.
  3. 4. A mechanical wave that vibrates perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s motion.
  4. 7. A mechanical wave that moves up and down at the same rate.
  5. 9. Higher frequencies, which are odd-numbered multiples of the fundamental frequency; give certain musical instruments their own unique timbre.
  6. 10. An unpleasant, jarring set of pitches
  7. 12. An erect or inverted returning wave that results from some of the energy of the incident wave’s pulse being reflected backward.
  8. 13. A device that can demonstrate simple harmonic motion when its bob (a massive ball or weight), suspended by a string or light rod, is pulled to one side and released, causing it to swing back and forth.
  9. 16. States that the displacement of a medium caused by two or more waves is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves.
  10. 18. A resonating tube with one end closed to air; its resonant frequencies are odd-numbered multiples of the fundamental.
  11. 19. A mechanical wave in which the disturbance is in the same direction, or parallel to, the direction of wave motion.
  12. 21. The line in a ray diagram that shows the direction of the barrier and is drawn at a right angle, or perpendicular, to the barrier.
  13. 22. A disturbance that carries energy through matter or space; transfers energy without transferring matter.
  14. 23. The oscillation of wave amplitude that results from the superposition of two sound waves with almost identical frequencies.
  15. 27. A wave that appears to be standing still, produced by the interference of two traveling waves moving in opposite directions.
  16. 29. A single disturbance or pulse that travels through a medium.
  17. 34. A special form of simple harmonic motion that occurs when small forces are applied at regular intervals to an oscillating or vibrating object and the amplitude of the vibration increases.
  18. 35. Results from the superposition of two or more waves; can be constructive (wave displacements in the same direction) or destructive (waves with equal but opposite amplitudes).
  19. 36. A line representing the crest of a wave in two dimensions that can show the wavelength, but not the amplitude, of the wave when drawn to scale.
  20. 37. The high point of a wave.