United States History- Chapter 2

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Across
  1. 2. the country that questioned Columbus' claims to the New World
  2. 4. an advantage the conquistadors had over the Native Americans
  3. 6. Indian woman that helped Cortes win allies
  4. 9. Spain established it to give settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work- in exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and covert them to Christianity, but they treated them as slaves instead
  5. 10. the people who coped with slavery and became closer through their language and religion
  6. 11. the leaders of Portugal and Spain signed this to move the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west- allowed Portugal to explore more
  7. 15. the transfer of a variety of plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa- started with Columbus' explorations
  8. 16. a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of stars
  9. 18. a new ship that used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind
  10. 20. enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World
  11. 21. governor of New Netherland- conquered New Sweden (1655), called it the "Swedish Nation"
  12. 22. son of Viking Erik the Red-sailed from west Norway to Greenland;ended up to the North American coast (present-day Canada), then south to New England
Down
  1. 1. large estates in which enslaved Africans were workers
  2. 3. (1517) German priest- publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church and charged that the church was too wealthy and abused its power, started the Protestant Reformation
  3. 5. greatly advanced Portugal's exploration efforts- built an observatory and founded a school of navigation to teach methods of sailing, financed research by mapmakers and shipbuilders, paid for expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa
  4. 7. a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure
  5. 8. a conquistador that heard of wealthy land to the west ruled by King Moctezuma ll- seized control of Tenochtitlan (capital of Moctezuma)
  6. 12. Portugese navigator-(1519) set out with a Spanish fleet to sail down to the east coast of South America
  7. 13. (1608) Samuel de Champlain, a French sailor, founded a small colony on the St. Lawrence River
  8. 14. French sailor that led France's next major exploration of North America
  9. 17. (1534) founded the Church of England (Anglican Church)- made himself the head of the church, challenged the pope and angered Catholics
  10. 19. a ship that curved up at both ends and was very stable