United States History- Chapter 2

2. Indian woman that helped Cortes win allies
6. (1534) founded the Church of England (Anglican Church)- made himself the head of the church, challenged the pope and angered Catholics
8. son of Viking Erik the Red-sailed from west Norway to Greenland;ended up to the North American coast (present-day Canada), then south to New England
9. the transfer of a variety of plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa- started with Columbus' explorations
12. Spain established it to give settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work- in exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and covert them to Christianity, but they treated them as slaves instead
14. the leaders of Portugal and Spain signed this to move the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west- allowed Portugal to explore more
16. (1608) Samuel de Champlain, a French sailor, founded a small colony on the St. Lawrence River
17. a new ship that used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind
19. French sailor that led France's next major exploration of North America
20. the people who coped with slavery and became closer through their language and religion
21. the country that questioned Columbus' claims to the New World
22. a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of stars

1. Portugese navigator-(1519) set out with a Spanish fleet to sail down to the east coast of South America
3. a ship that curved up at both ends and was very stable
4. an advantage the conquistadors had over the Native Americans
5. greatly advanced Portugal's exploration efforts- built an observatory and founded a school of navigation to teach methods of sailing, financed research by mapmakers and shipbuilders, paid for expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa
7. governor of New Netherland- conquered New Sweden (1655), called it the "Swedish Nation"
10. a conquistador that heard of wealthy land to the west ruled by King Moctezuma ll- seized control of Tenochtitlan (capital of Moctezuma)
11. large estates in which enslaved Africans were workers
13. (1517) German priest- publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church and charged that the church was too wealthy and abused its power, started the Protestant Reformation
15. enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World
18. a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure