Risk Assessment Study Guide

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Across
  1. 3. involves studies on humans. Difficult to determine exact dose-relationships so estimates must be made.
  2. 5. symptoms develop quickly from short-term exposure. They usually last for a short period of time.
  3. 7. is used to evaluate the health, environmental, or accident risk of things like a chemical or project.
  4. 8. comprised of three parts: risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. It is used as a decision making tool.
  5. 11. display the relationship between dose and it’s response. They display the likelihood and severity of effects based upon different exposure levels and time of exposure.
  6. 12. refers to the situation in which we do not know enough to provide a probability. Uncertainty often occurs do to lack of information or incomplete data.
  7. 14. the probability that an outcome will occur times the consequence of that outcome. Risks can represent both positive and negative changes.
  8. 16. caused from gamma rays, x rays, alpha and beta particles.Breaks chemical bonds/DNA in the body and can cause cancer.
  9. 17. Assuming that there is no safe dose limit is called the_______.
  10. 19. studies are used to determine the increased rate of a population segment getting a disease (like cancer) from an external stimuli (like radiation).
  11. 20. can also come from x-ray machines and nuclear bombs.
Down
  1. 1. symptoms occur from long-term exposure and last for a long period of time.
  2. 2. Can cause lung cancer because it can attach to particles which are then inhaled.
  3. 4. Two major causes include genetic predisposition and exposure to allergens at an early age.
  4. 6. is a fallacy made when researchers studying disease clusters draw the sample boundaries based on where the clusters are geographically located instead of relying standardized boundaries (which can be physical boundaries or temporal boundaries).
  5. 9. involves experiments conducted in labs, typically on animals.Can determine dose-response relationships.
  6. 10. epidemics are more likely to occur in communities where there has been no considerable amount of populations mixing, for example, a mixing of an urban population with a rural one.
  7. 13. Apparently the only known link that has been established as a cause of breast cancer is exposure to high-energy radiation (nuclear radiation and repeated X-ray exams to the chest).
  8. 15. Ionizing radiation (including chemotherapy and x-ray exposure), benzene exposure, some antibiotics
  9. 18. a substance or action that increases the chance of causing harm to humans or the environment. Examples of include: radon, asbestos, and radiation.