Us history

2. the Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws by a vote of seven to two. The states thus won the right to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers.
4. ported the Great Strike of 1877and later organized for theUnited Mine Workers of America(UMW)
6. a pio-neer on the new industrial frontier when he established the world’s first research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
7. a process in which he bought out his suppliers—coal fields and iron mines, ore freighters, and railroad lines—in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems.
10. The stockholders gave this company a contract to lay track at two to three times the actual cost—and pocketed the profits.
14. perhaps the most dramatic invention was the telephone
16. took a different approach to mergers: they joined with competing companies in trust agreements. Participants in a trust turned their stock over to a group of trustees—people who ran the separate companies one large corporation.
17. lines followed, and regional lines multiplied as well. At the start of the Civil War, the nation had had about 30,000 miles of track. By 1890, that figure was nearly six times greater.
19. successfully used steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania, that removing oil from beneath the earth’s surface became practical

1. headed by William “Big Bill '' Haywood, the Wobblies Included miners, lumberers, and cannery, and dock workers.
3. led the CigarMakers’ International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886.
5. This act established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established a five-member Interstate CommerceCommission (ICC) for that purpose.
8. with Gompers as its president, focused on collective bargaining, or negotiations between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
9. developed indepen-dently by the British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American ironmakerWilliam Kelly around 1850, soon became widely used
11. grew out of the English naturalist Charles Darwin’s theory of biological evolution
12. made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.
13. he attempted to form such an industrial union—the American Railway Union (ARU).
15. invented thetypewriter in 1867 and changed the world ofwork
18. came to this country in 1848, at age 12. Six years later, he worked his way up to become private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad.