US History Chapter 19 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 1. Espionage and ___ Acts - Under the Espionage and ___ Acts a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, pro fane, or abusive about the government or the war effort (598).
  2. 4. ___ - A truce; at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, in the eleventh month of 1918, Germany agreed to a cease-fire and signed the ___ that ended the war (593).
  3. 5. ___ - The Triple Entente, later known as the ___, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia.
  4. 9. ___ - The development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy (579).
  5. 10. David Lloyd ___ - The British prime minister, had just won reelection on the slogan “Make Germany Pay” (605).
  6. 13. Archduke Franz ___ - The heir to the Austrian throne whose assassination began the Great War (580).
  7. 16. League of ___ - an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war,; would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war (605).
  8. 18. Selective ___ Act - The act required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service (588).
  9. 20. Conscientious ___ - A person who opposes warfare on moral grounds (592).
  10. 23. ___ - A kind of biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions (596).
  11. 25. War ___ Board - The main regulatory body of war-related industries; established in 1917, the WIB set production quotas and allocated raw materials. The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. It also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products (595).
  12. 26. War-___ clause - Forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting World War I (606).
  13. 29. ___ - War damages (606).
  14. 30. ___ man’s land - Between the trench complexes lay “___ man’s land”—a barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire (582).
  15. 31. Great ___ - The large-scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North (599).
Down
  1. 2. ___ - A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation (579).
  2. 3. Eddie ___- Famous fighter pilot of World War I, after engaging in 134 air battles and downing 26 enemy aircraft, Rickenbacker won fame as the Allied pilot with the most victories—“American ace of aces” (587).
  3. 6. ___Points - President Wilson’s plan for world peace; The points were divided into three groups. The f irst five points were issues that Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another war. The next eight points dealt with boundary changes. The fourteenth point called for the creation of an inter national organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war (605).
  4. 7. ___ note - A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents. The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the United States broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona” (585).
  5. 8. Alvin ___ - A redheaded mountaineer and blacksmith from Tennessee, ___ sought exemption as a conscientious objector. On October 8, 1918, armed only with a rifle and a revolver, he killed 25 Germans and—with six other doughboys—captured 132 prisoners. General Pershing called him the outstanding soldier of the AEF, while Marshal Foch, the commander of Allied forces in Europe, described his feat as “the greatest thing accomplished by any private soldier of all the armies of Europe.” For his heroic acts, he was promoted to sergeant and became a celebrity when he returned to the United States (592).
  6. 11. ___ system - A system in which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups (589).
  7. 12. ___- a U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. Of the 1,198 persons lost, 128 were Americans. Despite Germany’s explanation, Americans became outraged with Germany because of the loss of life. American public opinion turned against Germany and the Central Powers (584).
  8. 14. American ___Force - Included men from widely separated parts of the country. American infantrymen were nicknamed doughboys, possibly because of the white belts they wore, which they cleaned with pipe clay, or “dough” (590).
  9. 15. George ___ - A former muckraking journalist and head of the Committee on Public Information, the nation’s first propaganda agency (596).
  10. 17. ___ Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were later known as the ___Powers (580).
  11. 19. Treaty of ___ - established nine new nations—including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia—and shifted the boundaries of other nations. It carved five areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them to France and Great Britain as mandates, or temporary colonies. The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations amounting to $33 billion to the Allies.
  12. 21. Henry Cabot ___ - Conservative senators, headed by Henry Cabot __,were suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression, even though it was voluntary. They wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty (607).
  13. 22. Bernard M. ___ - Reorganized and led the War Industries Board in 1918 (595).
  14. 24. General John J. ___ - Commander of the American Expeditionary Force, ___believed in aggressive combat and felt that three years of trench warfare had made the Allies too defensive. Under Pershing, American forces helped to stop the German advance, capturing important enemy positions. After the war, Pershing was made General of the Armies of the United States—the highest rank given to an officer (590).
  15. 27. Georges ___ - The French premier had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions. (605)
  16. 28. ___warfare - Warfare in which armies fought for mere yards of ground (582).