US History Period 1 Key Ideas and Vocabulary Review

1. intellectual and cultural rebirth in Europe (14th-17th century) that launched the Age of Exploration and naval technological advancements.
7. social or governmental hierarchy where a person's status, power, or wealth is determined by their skin color rather than their formal race or economic class.
8. and Portugal.
9. person of mixed Spanish and African ancestry.
11. American tribe lifestyles in this region featured mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies.
13. European religious denomination brought to the Americas by Spanish missionaries aiming to convert indigenous populations.
14. of the European leader who was able to prevent Spain and Portugal from going to war over territory in the New World.
15. Exchange/The transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, culture, and technology beginning in 1492.
17. person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
18. Strait/Waterway where a land bridge was exposed during the last ice age making it possible for people from Asia to walk to and people the Americas over 10,000 years ago.

2. system that granted legal rights to native labor in exchange for converting them to Christianity.
3. word for corn, it was the primary crop that fueled population growth and settled societies in the Americas.
4. belief system that involves the worship of multiple gods or deities, common among many indigenous cultures.
5. Las Casas/Spanish priest who advocated for better treatment of Native Americans and criticized the encomienda system.
6. of Tordesillas/1494 agreement that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between
10. American tribe lifestyles in this region relied heavily on hunting, gathering, and fishing (especially salmon).
12. Plains/Nomadic Native American tribes whose lifestyle centered around hunting bison (buffalo)
16. primary precious metal that Spanish explorers sought to extract from the Americas to enrich their