Virus Infectious Cycle

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Across
  1. 2. ___ can be used to stain infected cells and quantify viruses that do not induce CPE.
  2. 8. Cells directly from patients, or _____ cells, typically can only be kept in culture for a short time.
  3. 9. ___ is when particles leave the host cell.
  4. 11. The step when viral genome and proteins are put together to form particles.
  5. 17. ___ is when the capsid dissociation from the capsid releases the genome.
  6. 18. Because infection is random, adding 1 viral particle per cell will not ensure all cells are infected at the beginning. The probability of infection will follow a ____ distribution.
  7. 19. Cell lines that have the ability to grow in culture for long periods of time are called ___ cells.
  8. 20. Cells that contain all the necessary factors to enable the virus to replicate and form new particles are considered ____.
  9. 21. ___ assays quantify virions by utilizing a confluent monolayer of cells and an overlay that prevents virus from moving throughout the culture. After several replication cycles, CPE is evident when live cells are stained.
  10. 22. Viruses begin infection by first ___ to the cell surface.
  11. 23. Bacteria replicate by ___ fission, when one cells becomes two.
  12. 24. The ___ ratio compares the total number of particles compared to infectious particles.
  13. 25. The first continuous cell culture which was developed from a cervical tumor.
Down
  1. 1. ___ is the number of infectious viral particles relative to the number of cells that will be infected.
  2. 3. ____ is a method used to detect viral genomes.
  3. 4. Before tissue culture, many viruses were propagated in ___ eggs.
  4. 5. Viruses that bind to red blood cells can be quantified by a ____ assay.
  5. 6. __ is the process of making protein.
  6. 7. Viral replication curves have a unique step called ___. This is the period before viral genome replication has occurred and no infectious particles can be detected in the cell.
  7. 10. ___ are 3D cell cultures that better represent different host tissues.
  8. 12. Some viruses induce fusion between neighboring cells, inducing large __.
  9. 13. A ___ replication curve requires starting infection with a few viral particles and monitoring for several rounds of replication.
  10. 14. ___ effect is the visible change in cells produced by viral replication.
  11. 15. Cells that produce a protein that enable a virus to bind are considered ____.
  12. 16. ___ dilution assays serial dilute the viral sample and then monitor some type of infection. They can be expressed as TCID50, LD50, etc.