Viruses: Basic

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Across
  1. 4. a virus may have a lipid __________, which is typically derived from a host cell's membrane
  2. 7. the term used to describe the structural changes in host cells infected with a virus
  3. 8. this media is specific to influenza because other media containing serum inactivates those viruses
  4. 10. in a __________ viral infection, the virus remains inside the patient with no visible signs or symptoms
  5. 12. these cell lines have been passed (subcultured) only once or twice
  6. 14. the __________ of viruses is made up of either DNA or RNA that can be double-stranded or single-stranded
  7. 16. this test checks to see if hemagglutionation can be triggered by a sample
  8. 17. PRK stands for primary __________, and is the primary media for HSV isolation
  9. 18. an inanimate object that can transmit a virus
  10. 21. in an __________ viral infection, the patient experiences evident signs and symptoms
  11. 24. the stage of the viral infectious cycle characterized by the the transcription of viral proteins is called __________ synthesis
  12. 27. the stage in the viral infectious cycle where the capsid releases the viral genome
  13. 28. in a positive hemadsorption test, viruses such as influenza, parainfluenza, and mumps bind to this substance found on RBCs and cause hemagglutination
  14. 32. a cell can typically create around 100,000 virions, but only __________ percent are viable
  15. 33. some viruses have these proteins which aid in attachment and release
  16. 35. MRC-5 cells are __________ fibroblasts, and can grow VZV, CMV, and rhinovirus
  17. 37. the stage of the viral infectious cycle where viral particles leave the host cell, either by lysis or by budding
  18. 38. the most important part of a virus' infectious cycle which allows it entry into the host cell
  19. 39. the __________ immune system is the first line of defense for infections, and is non-specific
  20. 40. when collecting a viral specimen, this type of swab should not be used, especially when the suspected pathogen is an HSV
  21. 42. the __________ immune system is responsible for the antibody- and T cell-based response to virus infection
  22. 43. a __________ smear test looks at cells taken from the skin and looks for giant, multinucleated cells that suggest the presence of HSV or VZV
Down
  1. 1. cell lines like HF and MRC5 that remain virus-sensitive through 20 to 50 passages
  2. 2. viral specimens should be collected __________ in the disease process
  3. 3. this type of media for cell cultures supports rapid cell growth
  4. 5. a single virus particle
  5. 6. the stage of the viral infectious cycle where new virion particles are assembled within the host cell
  6. 9. classification of viruses is based on three properties: genome, the presence or absence of an envelope, and __________ characteristics
  7. 11. this type of viral culture can detect a virus in 1 to 2 days and contains a cover slip that can be stained for observation
  8. 13. the cell lines like A549 with indefinite sensitivity to viral infections
  9. 15. the step of the viral cycle in which the virus actually enters the cell, either via fusion, phagocytosis, or injection of the viral genome
  10. 19. viruses are __________ intracellular parasites
  11. 20. in a __________ viral infection, low levels of the virus remain detectable in patients and the degree of the infection and symptoms can vary
  12. 22. HEp-2 cells are human __________ cells
  13. 23. this type of cell culture media keeps cells in a steady metabolic state
  14. 25. HDF cells are human dermal __________
  15. 26. the A549 line contains human lung __________ cells, and can grow adenovirus and VZV, among others
  16. 29. storing a viral specimen at -20 degrees Celsius may cause the formation of __________ that damage host cells and reduce viral viability
  17. 30. PMK stands for primary __________, and can grow influenza, enterovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and RSV
  18. 31. the ability of viruses to bind to specific proteins on certain cells in the body
  19. 34. the protein coat of a virus that is made up of capsomers
  20. 36. viruses can be stored in the freezer at negative-__________ degrees Celsius
  21. 38. the direct fluorescent __________ screen tags viral antigens with fluorescent markers that can be viewed under a microscope
  22. 41. a condition where virus particles are detectable in a person's blood; not usually severe