Viruses Crossword Puzzle

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Across
  1. 3. primarily a childhood infection; negative strand, non-segmented genomes; most infections occur between January and March; upper respiratory infections common; severe infections in pre-term infants and neonates; treat with ribovirin, RSV-immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies
  2. 5. gamma herpes virus, associated with Kaposi sarcoma; occurs primarily in AIDS patients
  3. 6. positive sense RNA, retrovirus; transmitted by direct blood contact, sexual intercourse, perinatal transmission; infection causes decreased CD4 counts; can have a latency stage; treat with HAART drugs
  4. 8. a calicivirus; small, round gastroenteritis; (=) strand RNA viruses, non-enveloped; cause of infectious gastroenteritis; spread by fecal-oral route; self-limiting, rehydration as needed
  5. 11. infectious hepatitis; picornavirus; positive strand RNA virus; naked icosahedral capsid; rarely fatal, does not cause chronic disease; fecal oral transmission; liver pathology is due to host immune response; vaccine is available
  6. 12. small, non-enveloped DNA viruses; circular double stranded genome; BK and JC are human viruses; BK can cause severe UTI and JC can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  7. 15. transmitted through respiratory secretions; negative strand, non-segmented genomes; common cause of respiratory disease in children; major cause of croup; no vaccine available
  8. 17. smallest DNA viruses; non-enveloped; single stranded DNA; erythema infectiosum (childhood exanthem #5) or fifth disease; replicates in RBC precursors; can cause an aplastic crisis; infection during pregnancy can cause hydrops fetalis
  9. 21. togavirus; single stranded positive sense RNA; enveloped; non segmented genome; can infect placenta and spread to fetus; congenital TORCH infection that causes blueberry muffin rash
  10. 22. enveloped, negative sense ssRNA; paramyxovirus; transmitted via respiratory secretions, aerosols, direct contact; prodrome - fever, malaise, sneezing, photophobia; Koplik's spots; maculopapular rash 10 days after exposure
  11. 31. caused SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV; spike protein binds to the ACE-2 receptor; positive sense RNA genome; four structural proteins S, E, M, and N; enveloped
  12. 32. enveloped, bullet shaped virion; helical nucleocapsid; single stranded, negative sense RNA genome; travels retrograde on nerves; hydrophobia; patient can become comatose which leads almost universally to death; treat with vaccine and anti-rabies serum/immunoglobulin
  13. 33. oval or brick shaped virion, complex symmetrically capsid; double stranded DNA linear; enveloped
  14. 35. double stranded DNA, tegument matrix, envelope; latent infections, one of the congenital TORCH infections; Tzanck smear on a biopsy from a lesion; treat with acyclovir
  15. 36. an alpha herpesvirus; cause of chicken pox and is called shingles when reactivated; enters and replicates in respiratory tract, causes a maculopapular rash centripetal in distribution; latent in DRG; treat with acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
  16. 37. a picornavirus; primarily seen in summer months in infants and young kids; fecal oral transmission; causes hand food and mouth disease; type B can cause myocarditis
Down
  1. 1. negative sense, ssRNA, helical nucleocapsid with envelope; respiratory secretion transmission; primary cause of parotitis; prevent with the MMR vaccine (live attenuated)
  2. 2. childhood cause of 6th disease; infects lymphocytes, monocytes, epithelial, endothelial, and neuronal cells; causes roseola infantum
  3. 4. a picornavirus; labile to acidic pH; common cold; asymptomatic in many cases
  4. 7. cause of infectious mononucleosis; gamma herpes virus; infects B cells adn some epithelial cells; transmitted via saliva; can lead to Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  5. 9. flavivirus; enveloped, positive sense RNA virus; replicate in cytoplasm and bud through intracellular membranes; vaccine has been available; transmitted by mosquitoes; can be associated with mild systemic disease, flu-like symptoms, encephalitis; arthrogenic disease, or hemorrhagic disease
  6. 10. beta herpes virus; causes serious disease in immune compromised individuals; congenital TORCH infection; productive infection in epithelial and some other cell types; latent infections of t cells and macrophages; treat with nucleoside analogs (ganciclovir and cidofovir)
  7. 13. flavivirus; possible flu-like syndrome, encephalitis; treat with supportive care; transmitted by mosquitoes
  8. 14. filamentous; enveloped virion; negative strand RNA genome; cause severe hemorrhagic fevers; includes both Marburg and Ebola
  9. 16. mild/asymptomatic disease in many people; infection during pregnancy causes microcephaly; Guillain Barre syndrome linked in adults; no treatment or vaccine; transmitted by mosquitoes
  10. 18. retrovirus; causes adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia; cell associated virus; tax gene product activates cellular genes; endemic in parts of Japan; no treatments exist for acute or chronic infections
  11. 19. circular, negative sense, single stranded RNA genome; can only infect cells infected already with hepatitis B virus; causes direct cytopathic effects in liver
  12. 20. flavivirus; enveloped, positive strand RNA virus; remains in endoplasmic reticulum and can remain cell associated; transmitted in infected blood, blood products, and sexually; hepatocellular carcinoma risk increases with longer times after primary infection; treat with interferon alpha and ribavirin; no vaccine available
  13. 23. an orthomyxovirus; enveloped; negative strand RNA genome; have antigenic drift and shift; serotypes A, B, and C; seasonal vaccines for different serotypes
  14. 24. small, non-enveloped, icosahedral virus; double stranded, circular DNA genome; strain 16 and 18 are sexually transmitted and can cause squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix; strain 6 and 11 cause benign cervical warts; papanicolaou stain to detect perinuclear vacuolated cytoplasm; can give vaccine now
  15. 25. hepadnavirus; serum hepatitis; small, enveloped DNA virus; diagnostic antibody/antigen testing is very complex involving surface and core antigens and antibodies; can lead to cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma
  16. 26. transmitted through mosquito bites; no vaccine; initial symptoms include high fever, headache, rash on trunk/limbs; arthralgia affecting multiple joints; acute symptoms usually resolve within 5-7 days; joint pain can last years
  17. 27. also known as break bone fever; consists of high fever, headache, rash, back/bone pain lasting 6-7 days; 4 strains; rechallenging with a second strain can cause a hemorrhagic fever; found in central, south America; supportive care, no vaccine; transmitted by mosquitoes
  18. 28. linear DNA, non-enveloped; can cause conjunctivitis, acute respiratory disease, childhood gastroenteritis, or hemorrhagic cystitis depending on what serotype; diagnosis by antigen detection; vaccine developed for certain serotypes for military recruits
  19. 29. enteric virus; resembles calicivirus; linear, positive sense, ssRNA molecule; similar to hepatitis A symptoms; seen in developing nations; self limiting infection
  20. 30. a picornavirus; enterovirus; hematologic spread to lymphatics and central nervous system; travels along nerve fibers and destroys motor neurons; two different vaccines - Salk (inactivated) and Sabin (live)
  21. 34. a reovirus; most common cause of childhood diarrhea and gastroenteritis; double stranded RNA genome; non-enveloped; double layer capsid; NSP4 has toxin-like activity kind of like cholera