Visa Officers Discretion

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Across
  1. 2. The primary subject of the paper; the authority delegated to officials to make decisions (10 letters)
  2. 7. The specific type of application discussed in the text: Spousal _____ (12 letters)
  3. 8. A form of client behavior, such as a "marriage of convenience," that officers must detect (5 letters)
  4. 11. 8. The essential quality a spousal relationship must possess; the opposite of a "marriage of convenience" (7 letters)
  5. 12. 4. This type of administrative logic is argued to be the actual source of discrimination, rather than individual racism (9 letters)
  6. 13. 1. The specific cognitive state a visa officer must reach regarding a relationship's authenticity to approve it
  7. 14. The level of social analysis involving organizational culture, resources, and processing targets (4 letters)
  8. 15. The specific immigration class (FC1) examined in the article (6 letters)
  9. 16. If a country has this type of visa exemption (e.g., Korea), officers often perceive less incentive for marriage fraud (7 letters)
  10. 18. This step is often waived to save time but is mandatory if an officer is leaning towards a refusal (9 letters)
  11. 20. The legal recourse available to a sponsor if their Family Class application is refused (6 letters)
Down
  1. 1. 7. Country where officers reportedly interpret the "spirit of the law" regarding bigamy due to local legal constraints (11 letters)
  2. 3. 2. Scholar who used the "donut analogy" to describe the administrative space of discretion
  3. 4. 3. Term used to describe visa officers' role in controlling who crosses a state's borders
  4. 5. Country associated with the "rent-a-guest" scheme where an entrepreneur organized fake weddings (5 letters)
  5. 6. 9. Officers use these informal tools based on experience to "triage" files, though they avoid the term due to policing connotations (8 letters)
  6. 9. Latin term describing the IAD appeal process, meaning the sponsor can introduce new evidence (6 letters)
  7. 10. 10. The format in which applicants are asked to explain the development of their relationship in the questionnaire (9 letters)
  8. 17. 6. Numerical processing goals that place significant pressure on officers to work quickly (7 letters)
  9. 19. The level of social analysis involving global inequalities and broad migration trends (5 letters)