Vocab

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Across
  1. 1. stars are formed when a massive star runs out of fuel and collapses
  2. 3. The continuous, generally diagonal line or band in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram ranging from the upper left to the lower right and representing stars of average size
  3. 5. the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy
  4. 7. a tubular instrument for viewing distant objects (as objects in outer space) by focusing light rays with mirrors or lenses
  5. 10. a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.
  6. 11. the science of the origin and development of the universe. Modern astronomy is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which brings together observational astronomy and particle physics.
  7. 12. a condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically
  8. 15. how astronomers explain the way the universe began
  9. 17. a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.
  10. 18. the increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards (or away from) each other.
Down
  1. 2. the wavelength of the light is stretched, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the red part of the spectrum
  2. 4. spectrum the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
  3. 6. the study of everything in the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere
  4. 8. the distance light travels in one year
  5. 9. Weak radio-frequency radiation traveling through outer space with equal intensity in every direction
  6. 13. any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them
  7. 14. a small very dense star that is typically the size of a planet. A white dwarf is formed when a low-mass star has exhausted all its central nuclear fuel and lost its outer layers as a planetary nebula.
  8. 16. a cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter.