Vocab #2

4. a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the othere according to status or authority
5. an ancient civilization and landmass between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, roughly corresponding to modern-day Iraq and is considered the "Cradle of Civilization"
8. the belief or worship of more than one god
10. a ruler in ancient Egypt, sometimes also conceived as a god
11. the belief that there is only one god
12. (in Judaism) the law of god as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures(the Pentateuch)
14. a prehistoric period that followed the Bronze Age, when weapons and tools came to be made of iron.
15. an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; the excess of production or supply over demand
16. a historical region along the Nile River in northeastern Africa, located south of Egypt and spanning parts of modern-day Egypt and Sudan
17. a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives
18. an ancient Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster around 1200 BCE, revolving around the supreme being Ahura Mazda and the cosmic struggle between good (Spenta Mainyu) and evil (Angra Mainyu)

1. a city with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
2. a line of hereditary rulers of a country
3. - enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols of writing
6. an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority formerly especially under an emperor or empress
7. the dispersion or spread of people from their homeland
9. a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god
13. ten principles that are supported by Judaism and Christianity