Vocab #2 Crossword!

5. a writing system using symbols and pictures, developed by the ancient Egyptians for religious texts and official inscriptions
8. a series of rules from the same family
10. the central religious text of Judaism, containing laws, history, and teachings; includes 1st five books of Hebrew Bible
11. an ancient Persian religion founded by Zoroaster, emphasizing the battle between good and evil and belief in one god, Anura Mazda
13. the title of ancient Egyptian kings, considered divine rules and central to both government and religion
14. a set of moral and religious laws given to Moses in the Hebrew tradition; forms a key part of Jewish & Christian ethics
16. the scattering of a people from their homeland; most often refers to Jewish Diaspora after Exile
17. a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
18. belief in one god

1. a government system where religious leaders rule in the name of a deity, and laws are based on religious doctrine
2. belief in many gods
3. an independent city and its surrounding territory that functions as its own sovereign state
4. a system of ranking people or groups based on status or authority; most ancient societies had social hierarchies (e.g. kings, priests, merchants, slaves)
6. a large political unit or state, usually under a single ruler, that controls many people or territories
7. a period when iron tools and weapons became widespread, replacing bronze; led to stronger armies and more advanced agriculture and trade
9. extra goods or food beyond what is needed for survival; allow for trade, specialization, and the growth of civilizations
12. the "land between rivers" (Tigris & Euphrates); birthplace of the civilizations like Sumer, Babylon, & Assyria; Known for early writing and law codes
15. a civilization south of Egypt along the Nile, known for its rich culture, trade, and interactions with Egypt (sometimes as rivals, sometimes as allies)