vocab #3

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Across
  1. 3. The permanent professional branches of a country's government administration
  2. 5. A major world religion originating in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by a diversity of practices and philosophies.
  3. 10. A loosely compacted yellowish-gray sediment of windblown silt and clay, which is very fertile and common in the Yellow River valley of northern China, where it contributed to early agriculture.
  4. 12. An ancient monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster in ancient Persia
  5. 14. A key concept in Indian religions that refers to one's duty, natural law, social obligation, and righteous path in life. Adhering to one's dharma is essential for achieving good karma.
  6. 15. The concept of the individual self or soul. In Hinduism, the goal is often to realize that the atman is one with Brahman, the universal self.
  7. 18. A virtue in Confucianism and Chinese ethics that emphasizes respect, obedience, and care for one's parents and elderly ancestors.
  8. 20. A person sent by a religious organization into a specific area to spread their faith, often establishing schools, hospitals, or other aid-focused community institutions.
  9. 22. A universal spiritual law of cause and effect, where an individual's actions and intentions in this life determine their future existence and circumstances in the next.
  10. 23. A rigid social hierarchy system of a society, particularly in India, that divides people into different classes based on birth, occupation, and ritual purity.
  11. 24. In ancient Chinese philosophy, two complementary and opposing forces that make up all phenomena in the universe.
  12. 25. an ancient Indian realm that existed from approximately 320 to 550 CE
Down
  1. 1. In Buddhism and Jainism, the ultimate state of spiritual perfection
  2. 2. The four central beliefs of Buddhism that outline the nature of suffering
  3. 4. The oldest sacred texts of Hinduism
  4. 6. The belief that the soul or spirit, after biological death, begins a new life in a new body or form. This cycle of death and rebirth is also known as samsara.
  5. 7. A political theory in Chinese history explaining the rise and fall of dynasties
  6. 8. A large distinct landmass in South Asia Man's best friend
  7. 9. A series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, built along the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China to protect against invasions and raids.
  8. 11. In Hinduism the concept of the ultimate, universal spirit or reality, the supreme cosmic consciousness that is present in all life.
  9. 13. A political and religious doctrine used since ancient times in China to justify the rule of the Emperor. Heaven bestows the mandate on a just ruler; if the ruler becomes unjust or loses the favor of the gods, the mandate is withdrawn, justifying their overthrow.
  10. 15. A term used to refer to the ancient Indo-European-speaking peoples who migrated into the Indian subcontinent around 1500 BCE
  11. 16. In Buddhism, the path to Nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become adept: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
  12. 17. An ancient Chinese philosophy and religion based on the writings of Laozi
  13. 19. The principle of non-violence and respect for all living things
  14. 21. The spiritual liberation or emancipation from the cycle of death and rebirth (samsara). It is considered the ultimate goal of human existence in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.