vocab 9

5. – A peasant bound to the land and under a lord’s control.
8. – A church-led effort to convert or punish non-Christians in Spain.
10. – Central Asian nomads who created a large empire in the 13th century.
11. Early European tribes, like the Visigoths and Vandals, that helped shape medieval Europe.
12. – Charging excessive interest on loans, often considered immoral.
15. – 1215 document limiting the king’s power and protecting nobles' rights.
18. – Code of conduct for knights, emphasizing honor, bravery, and respect.
19. – Ideal or perfect society, often unrealistic.
20. – Nomadic people who later settled in Hungary.
21. – Referring to the Middle Ages, the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance.
22. – A philosophy emphasizing human values and the study of classical texts.
23. – A wealthy person who supports artists or scholars.
24. – Law based on court decisions and customs, not written codes.

1. – A Germanic tribe that ruled much of Western Europe, including France.
2. – Land granted to a vassal in exchange for loyalty or service.
3. – A long conflict between England and France over land and power.
4. – Non-religious, focusing on worldly matters.
6. – A large estate controlled by a lord, worked by serfs or peasants.
7. – Early English people, from Germanic tribes like the Angles and Saxons.
9. – System where land is exchanged for loyalty and service.
13. – A person granted land in exchange for military service.
14. (Bubonic Plague) – Deadly disease that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.
16. – Period of cultural rebirth in Europe, focusing on art, science, and learning.
17. – Religious wars aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem from Muslims.