Vocab Words

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Across
  1. 2. Caused by, or relating to, the lack of molecular oxygen. Supplement. Also may be used to describe an organism, a cell, a process or a mechanism that can function without air. This contrast the term aerobic.
  2. 7. chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes.
  3. 8. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP for short, is the energy currency of life. ATP is a high-energy molecule found in every cell. Its job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
  4. 10. the decomposition or separation of molecules by the action of light.
  5. 11. Short for adenosine diphosphate. An organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. With the addition of another phosphate group, it is converted to ATP for the storage of energy during cell metabolism.
  6. 12. the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
  7. 14. chain a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
  8. 16. Requiring air or oxygen for life or survival, used especially to refer to aerobic bacteria.
  9. 17. fermentation a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as a side-effect. Also called Ethanol fermentation
  10. 18. A material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
Down
  1. 1. a metabolic process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate.
  2. 3. The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate.
  3. 4. reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms. It is also known as the light-independent reactions.
  4. 5. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
  5. 6. the first stage of photosynthesis, is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP, which are used in light-independent reactions and fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.
  6. 9. the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.
  7. 13. a term used for several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
  8. 15. Respiration metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.