Vocabulary

2. non-random difference in reproductive output among replicating entities
5. an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.
6. a new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region
8. an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
10. the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics.
14. various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer serve a function. A vestigial structure can arise due to a mutation in the genome. This mutation will cause a change in the proteins that are required for the formation of the structure.
16. similar structures that evolved from a common ancestor.
18. A speciation in which biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation

1. the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.
3. selection applied by humans in order to produce genetic change.
4. an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
6. the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
7. branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.
9. a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.
11. features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature (compare to homologous structures) and which evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge.
12. a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
13. a principal taxonomic category that ranks above species and below family, and is denoted by a capitalized Latin name, e.g. Leo.
15. a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
17. the classification of something, especially organisms.