Vocabulary

7. The study of how genes interact and traits are passed from parent to offspring
9. known as Deoxyribonucleic acid, the carrier of genetic information in chromosomes
10. The visible traits of an organism, determined by its genotype
11. A method to calculate the probability of inheriting specific traits
13. Organized or specialized structures within a living cell, like the nucleus or mitochondria
15. Characteristics passed from parents to offspring, like hair or eye color
18. A pair of different alleles, one dominant and one recessive
19. mutations Changes to one or a few nucleotides at a single point in the DNA sequence
21. The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by its alleles
22. Changes in a gene or chromosome that result in new traits

1. The weaker allele in a pair, expressed only if both alleles are recessive
2. The process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells
3. An organelle made of long strands of DNA that stores genetic information
4. A type of mutation where one base is changed to another
5. The stronger allele in a pair, always expressed in the next generation
6. A pair of identical alleles, either both dominant or both recessive
7. The most basic unit of heredity, made of DNA and coding for traits
8. The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus
12. A dense organelle containing an organism’s genetic information in the form of chromosomes
14. The process of cell division producing four daughter cells for reproduction
16. Variations of a single gene that can be dominant or recessive
17. The process of passing genetic traits from one generation to the next
20. An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form