vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. a vital compound in biological systems, essential for bone health, energy production, and DNA/RNA structure
  2. 4. a relationship, often between structures or sequences, where each part fits precisely with the other, much like a lock and key, following specific pairing rules
  3. 8. the final stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis
  4. 10. refers to the DNA molecule's three-dimensional structure, a twisted ladder shape formed by two intertwined strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs
  5. 11. a purine base, one of the four main nucleobases found in DNA and RNA
  6. 13. refers to the relationship between an observed trait and the two inherited versions of a gene related to that trait
  7. 14. Interphase consists of the first growth (G1 phase), Synthesis (S phase), and the second growth (G2 phase) phases
  8. 15. a fundamental chemical compound, specifically a pyrimidine base, that's one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA.
  9. 17. the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides after nuclear division, resulting in two separate daughter cells
  10. 18. the period in the cell cycle when a cell is not actively dividing
  11. 20. makes one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA
  12. 24. they exert authority, control, and influence over others, often displaying assertiveness, confidence, and a strong presence, tending to take charge and make decisions decisively
  13. 25. a permanent change in an organism's DNA sequence
  14. 26. an individual possessing two identical versions (alleles) of a gene, one inherited from each parent
Down
  1. 1. the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA
  2. 3. a pyrimidine base and one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA
  3. 5. the initial phase of mitosis (cell division) and meiosis I, where chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form
  4. 6. a stage in both mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes, having condensed and become visible, align along the center of the cell at the metaphase plate
  5. 7. an individual carrying two different versions (alleles) of a gene for a particular trait
  6. 8. the process where a cell uses the information carried by a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to build a protein
  7. 9. the stage where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes
  8. 12. a breeding experiment involving two organisms that are heterozygous (carrying two different alleles) for two different traits, examining how those traits are inherited and combined in the offspring
  9. 16. a basic building block of DNA and RNA, the molecules that carry genetic information
  10. 19. a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
  11. 21. plays a crucial role in translating That information into proteins, acting as a messenger and carrying out various cellular processes
  12. 22. a sweet, crystalline substance that serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms
  13. 23. a fundamental process in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell