Vocabulary for Age Absolutism and Enlightenment

Across

4. An assembly of representatives, usually of an entire nation, that makes laws.
7. was a German philosopher during the Enlightenment era of the late 18th century. His best known work is the Critique of Pure Reason.
12. A form of national government in which the power of the monarch (the king or queen) is restrained by a parliament, by law, or by custom.
14. author of The Spirit of Laws, published in 1748, had enormous influence on how governments should work, eschewing classical definitions of government for new delineations. He also established the idea of a separation of powers—legislative, executive and judicial—to more effectively propagate liberty.
18. A revolution in Britain in 1688 in which the parliament deposed King James II, a Roman Catholic who had asserted royal rights over the rights of Parliament. Parliament gave the crown to the Protestant King William III, a Dutch prince, and his British wife, Queen Mary II (daughter of James II), as joint rulers. The Glorious Revolution was the last genuine revolution in Britain.
19. The belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws.
20. A periodic gathering of persons noted in literature, philosophy, the fine arts, or similar areas, held at one person's home. Salons thrived in the Enlightenment.
21. Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism.

Down

1. English philosopher his works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism.
2. the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.
3. known as one of the most influential thinkers during the 18th-century European Enlightenment period, was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His first philosophical work, A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, discussed how science and arts had caused the corruption of virtue and morality.
5. an economist and philosopher who wrote what is considered the "bible of capitalism," The Wealth of Nations, in which he details the first system of political economy.
6. argues for the necessity and natural evolution of the social contract, a social construct in which individuals mutually unite into political societies, agreeing to abide by common rules and accept resultant duties to protect themselves and one another from whatever might come otherwise.
8. the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.
9. was a physicist and mathematician who developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion, and is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th century Scientific Revolution.
10. The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin. This belief was common through the seventeenth century
11. French man of letters and philosopher who, from 1745 to 1772, served as chief editor of the Encyclopédie, one of the principal works of the Age of Enlightenment.
13. After serving on the parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars, he was the lord protector of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland during the republican Commonwealth.
15. French writer, playwright, and poet. He was a leading figure of the Enlightenment, and frequently came into conflict with the Establishment as a result of his radical views and satirical writings.
16. was a series of wars between the forces of the English Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell) and the royalists supporting King Charles I. The major basis for the conflict was the power of the monarch as opposed to the right of citizens and their legislative representatives.
17. was an English writer who advocated for women's equality. Her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman pressed for educational reforms.