VOCABULARY HEAT

1. energy- energy in the form of heat
5. law of thermodynamics- states that energy can only transfer from a higher energy state into a lower energy state and the movement of energy stops when both states are in equilibrium
7. A gas-like state of matter in which most of the particles are charged ions, nuclear reactions separate positive electrons from hydrogen and helium atoms
11. the study of effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume using statistics to analyze the collective motion of their particles
12. the state of matter that has a defined shape and volume with molecules that are closely packed and vibrate in place, atoms or molecules are held together by strong bonds, giving the solid a fixed shape and volume
13. a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms in a system, used to express thermal energy in degrees
14. a state of matter with a defined volume but no defined shape and whose molecules roll past each other
16. point- the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
17. point- the temperature at which matter changes from solid to liquid state

2. measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that is not available to do work
3. the ability to do work or cause change
4. matter phase change from solid directly to gas
6. a unit of heat energy in the metric system
8. heat- amount of heat, expressed in calories, needed to raise one gram of a substance by 1°C
9. the process in which matter changes from a liquid to a gas
10. the process by which a gas changes into a liquid
15. the transfer of thermal energy
18. a state of matter without any defined volume or shape in which atoms or molecules move about freely