Volcano Anatomy

5. - A vertical pillar of superheated volcanic ash, tephra, and gases ejected from a volcanic vent during an explosive eruption. Eruption columns usually spread laterally into eruption clouds higher in the atmosphere.
6. - Fine fragments (less than 2–4 mm in diameter) of volcanic rock formed by a volcanic explosion or ejected from a volcanic vent.
7. - An outpouring of molten rock from a vent onto Earth's surface during an effusive volcanic eruption; also the resulting solidified body of rock.
9. - hot density currents of pumice, ash, blocks, and volcanic gas that rapidly move down the slopes of a volcano. They may be initiated by collapse of eruptive columns, by explosive eruptions that boil over, and by the collapse of lava domes.
10. - The channel or pipe that carries magma from a reservoir or chamber to the vent where it is erupted.
12. - Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface capable of intrusion and extrusion.

1. - The opening or place at Earth’s surface through which magma, rock fragments, and/or volcanic gases are emitted.
2. - A cloud of volcanic ash, tephra, and gases that forms downwind of an erupting volcano.
3. - A vent or opening at the surface where volcanic gases and vapors are emitted.
4. - A collective term covering a wide variety of slope-movement landforms and processes that involve the downslope transport of soil and rock material en masse under the influence of gravity. On volcanoes, landslides may occur during or soon after volcanic eruptions or at other times.
8. - A steep-sided mass of viscous, commonly blocky, lava extruded from a vent; typically has a rounded top and covers a roughly circular area; may be isolated or associated with lobes or flows of lava from the same vent; typically silicic (rhyolite or dacite) in composition.
11. - A collective term used for all pyroclastic material, regardless of size, shape, or origin, ejected into the air during a volcanic eruption.