Volcanoes

3. An opening in the Earth’s surface through which molten rock, ash, and gasses erupt.
6. A long crack in the Earth’s surface through which lava erupts.
9. A chain of volcanoes formed along a subduction zone, where an oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate.
12. A bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano, formed by eruptive activity.
14. A type of basaltic lava flow with a rough, jagged, blocky texture.
15. A type of basaltic lava flow characterized by a smooth, ropy surface.
16. Molten rock that has erupted onto the Earth’s surface.
17. A broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid lava flows, typically basaltic (e.g., Mauna Loa).
18. The opening in a volcano through which magma and gasses escape.
19. A steep-sided, conical volcano built from alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material (e.g., Mount St. Helens).

1. A zone of frequent volcanic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean, associated with plate boundaries (three words).
2. Low-viscosity lava that flows easily, typically associated with shield volcanoes.
4. A location where magma rises from deep within the Earth’s mantle, creating volcanic activity away from tectonic plate boundaries (e.g., Hawaii).
5. A volcano that has not erupted in recent history but is expected to erupt again.
7. Cone A small, steep-sided volcano formed by the accumulation of volcanic debris around a vent.
8. A destructive volcanic mudflow composed of water and volcanic debris.
10. A large, basin-like depression formed when a volcano’s summit collapses after an eruption.
11. Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
13. A fast-moving flow of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows down the side of a volcano during an explosive eruption.
14. Fine particles of volcanic rock and minerals ejected during an eruption.